Transcript Germany

Adolf
Hitler
Germany
Nazis
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Fascism:
Extreme nationalism and
racism
What happened to Ethiopia?
“God & history will remember your judgment.
It is us today and it will be you tomorrow.”
Joseph
Stalin
Soviet Union
Communism:
Dictatorship’s control
Neville
Chamberlin
Great
Britain
Neutrality
Act 1935-1937
Banned the sale of
weapons to nations at
war.
Hitler’s Journey…
Rhineland
Austria
Sudetenland
and
Czechoslavakia
Poland
Munich
Conference…
Britain and France
agreed to turn the
Sudetenland over to
Hitler to appease
him. (to give in)
What happened in 1939?
Germany and Russia
signed the
Soviet-German
Non-Aggression Pact.
Agreement with the Soviet
Union and Germany not to
interfere with each others’
expansion.
Japan launched an attack on
the province of Manchuria in
northeastern China. Three
years later Japan signed a
pact of alliance known as the
Axis with Germany & Italy.
Section 2:
War Begins
blitzkrieg??
lightning war
Maginot Line???
A string of steel and concrete
bunkers along the German
border from Belgium to
Switzerland.
Hitler’s journey continues…
Poland
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Belgium
Paris, France
Port of Dunkirk…
Where was it???
English Channel
German advancement
Troops trapped between advancing
German troops and coast of France
800 British ships, ferries, warships,fishing
boats
300,000 French/British saved
Axis
Powers?
Germany, Italy, Japan
Battle of Britain
August 1940
Germany begins bombing British
shipyards, industries, and cities.
“We shall defend our island,
whatever the cost may be. We shall
fight on the beaches, we shall fight
on the landing grounds, we shall
fight in the fields and in the streets,
we shall fight in the hills; we shall
never surrender.”
by Winston Churchill
Germany turns their sight
on the Soviet Union.
C
H
U
R
C
H
I
L
L
RAF
British
Royal
Air Force
America
First
Committee
Isolationists –
C. Lindbergh & H. Ford
FDR asked Congress for a:
New Neutrality Act that allowed the
U.S. to sell weapons on a
“cash-and-carry” basis
FDR runs for a 3rd term – promises “Your
boys are not going to be sent to any
foreign wars”.
Lend-Lease Act 1941
Allowed America to sell, lend, or lease
arms or other war supplies to any nation
considered “vital to the defense of the
U.S.” Germans were sinking ships with
supplies from the U.S.
Atlantic Charter
August 1941
President Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill met to set goals for the “final
destruction of the Nazi tyranny.” They
pledged that the people of every nation
would be free to choose their own form
of government
Disarmament:
Giving up military
weapons
The Japanese Threat…
After the fall of France in 1940, Japan
seized control of:
 Indochina, once owned by France
Planned to take British Malaya
Dutch East Indies
American territory of the Philippines
(needed rubber and oil from these
areas)
How did the U.S.
respond to Japan’s
economic expansion???
*Stopped sale of oil,
gasoline, & other
natural resources.
*Froze assets in banks
Japan
Prime
Minister
Tojo
What happened on Sunday
December 7, 1941 at 7:55 am???
*2,300 killed
*hundreds of planes
destroyed
*battleships destroyed
Pearl harbor!!!
President Roosevelt asked
Congress to declare war
on Germany…
Dec. 11 Germany
declares war on
U.S. We declare
war on Germany
Allied
Power:
U.S.
Great Britain
France
China
Soviet Union
Axis Powers:
Germany
Japan
Italy
Section 3
“War Begins”
WACS – Women Army Corps
*Volunteer emergency
service
*Nurses
*Clerical
*Not In Combat!!!
Converted
industries to war
production!!!
War Production Board
Office of Price Administration
Limited consumer prices
National War Labor Board
Resolved labor disputes
that might slow down
production.
Revenue Act of
1942: Raised
corporate taxes
and required
nearly all
Americans to pay
an income tax
Wartime America
Items built:
70,000 ships
100,000 tanks &
planes
Millions of guns
Wartime America….




People planted victory gardens…
Children collected scrap metal
Spotters scanned the skies for enemy
aircraft
Coastal cities enforced blackouts at
night so that lights would not serve as a
beacon to enemy pilots
Rosie
The
Riveter
Shot down over 200 enemy planes and
represented the African American people.
Tuskegee Airmen
Benjamin
Davis
1st African
American
General in the
U.S. Air Force
A.PhilipRandolph
Demanded the
government ban
discrimination against
African Americans in
defense industries
Ira Hayes
Hero in the battle for Iwo Jima
Code Talkers
Mercedes Cubria of Cuba
st
1
Hispanic woman in the
WAC
Horacio Rivero of Puerto Rico
1st Hispanic four-star admiral
highest rank in the U.S. Navy
Nisei
Japanese American citizens
born in the United States
What happened to them?
The President relocated more than
100,000 to detention areas. Most of
them stayed in Internment camps
for 3 years.
Korematsu v. United States
1988: $20,000
Congress
issued an
apology
Section 4:
War in Europe and
Africa
Invasion of
North
Africa and
Italy
Erwin Rommel
Desert Fox
Axis Power
General
Jan. 1, 1942 – U.S. joined the
Allied Powers: Great Britain,
France, Soviet Union, China…
Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece,
Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand,
Norway, Yugoslavia
South Africa
“We will claim
nothing less than
total victory.”
Dwight Eisenhower
American General that led the
Americans, British and Canadian
troops in North Africa Nov. 1942
Summer 1942 – Massive bombing of
Germany
Feb. 1943 – Germans defeated at
Leningrad (turning point in war)
May 1943 – Germans driven out of N. Africa
Summer 1943 – Mussolini overthrown
June 6, 1944 - Allies landed at
Normandy (D-Day)
Dec. 1944 – Battle of the Bulge (last
German advancement into France)
May 8, 1945 – V-E Day (victory in Europe)
D – Day Turning point in
Europe…Operation Overlord
150,000 Allied troops invaded along a 60
mile stretch in Normandy, France….
June 6, 1944
Operation Overlord
Mussolini was defeated
Rome liberated 1944
General:
Eisenhower
Patton
Germany bombed… 1943
German factories
German cities
Failed to crack the German
determination to win the
war.
Eastern Front
German invasion of
the Soviet Union:
Leningrad - 1941
 military blockade
 900 days
 Food ran out – ate
horses, cats, dogs,
 thousands died
Spring of 1942:
Germany invaded the city of
Stalingrad…..
Surrounded the city and then the
Soviets surrounded the Germans
cutting off supply lines….
February 1943: Germany surrendered
Major turning point
Battle of the Bulge
December 16, 1944 …Germans
launched a surprise attack along a 50
mile front in Belgium…
The death of FDR
April 12, 1945 in
Warm Spring, Ga
Harry S. Truman, Vice President
He asked Mrs. Roosevelt if there was
anything he could do for her. She replied,
“Is there anything we can do for you? You
are the one in trouble now.”
Holocaust….
“The final solution”
genocide – wiping out
of an entire group of
people
6 million killed
Concentration Camps
Prison camps for civilians
Auschwitz
Largest camp in Poland
Section 5:
War in the Pacific
Japanese continue to bomb:
Philippines, islands of Wake and
Guam
Philippines:
“I shall return” as
he continues to
Australia
Douglas MacArthur
Bataan
Death
March
Involved 76,000 troops in the
beginning and ending with 54,000.
Island Hopping
Capturing islands to
get from one place to
another…
Battle of Midway..
First major Japanese defeat!
Battle of Leyte Gulf…
The biggest naval battle in
history…282 ships took
part
Kamikazes:
Japanese
suicide pilots
The islands of:
Iwo Jima & Okinawa were seized
by the U.S. from the Japanese.
Americans continued the
attacks…
Albert Einstein: warned President
Roosevelt of Germany’s plan to
use “extremely powerful bombs.”
Manhattan Project:
A top secret operation testing
the atomic bombs in the New
Mexico desert.
Potsdam Declaration:
Warned Japan to
surrender or face
“prompt & utter
destruction”
ATOMIC
BOMBC:
\Docum
ents and
August 6, 1945:
bombed Hiroshima
August 9, 1945:
bombed Nagasaki
August 15, 1945:
V-J Day: Victory in Japan
World War II:
The most destructive conflict in
history…More than 20 million
deaths and more than half of
these were civilians killed by
bombing, starvation, disease,
torture and murder.
Nuremburg