Transcript Document 530207

Ch. 17 (s.4)
Review Guide
War Breaks Out
(p. 518 – 523)
READ TO
DISCOVER
1. What was the international
response to fascism?
*Germany & Italy formed the Axis Powers in
1936 (Japan joined later)
*FDR urged Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain,
Daladier to meet in Munich, Germany in 1938
(Munich Conference) to try & resolve conflicts
peacefully
*European leaders had adopted a policy of
appeasement towards the rise of fascism in an
attempt to avoid a larger conflict
2. What were the early events of
World War II?
* A week after Stalin & Hitler signed their nonaggression pact, Hitler invaded Poland
on 9/1/1939 (w/bombers & armored divisions)
* Britain & France (Allied Powers) declared war on Germany on 9/3/1939
* Hitler invaded Poland with a ‘lightning war’ or Blitzkrieg
* The French began to mobilize their troops
* In May of 1940, German troops began an attack around the Maginot Line (a line of
defenses along the French border with Germany)
* Germany occupied Belgium, Denmark, Northern France, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, & Norway (Miracle of Dunkirk)
* Germany then set up a puppet government in the South of France in the town of
Vichy (a secret French organization known as the Resistance continued to oppose
the Germans)
* On May 10th, 1940 – Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of G.B. & promises to
kick serious German a#@!
* Soviet troops invaded Poland from the east, occupied Latvia/Lithuania & demanded
the right to est. military bases in Finland (attacking/annexing this country when
Finland refused)
3. Why did tensions between the
U.S. & Germany increase?
*As German air raids increased against
G.B., so did U.S. aid to the Allies in the
Spring of 1941
*German subs turned the N. Atlantic into a
ship graveyard
*In September of 1941, FDR issued a
‘shoot-on-sight’ order to U.S. warships
operating in the N. Atlantic
4. Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor?
*Prime Minister Tojo & the Japanese military believed
that U.S.-held territories in the Pacific would prevent
Japan from truly establishing itself as a global empire
*Shortly after 8am on 12/7/1941, the Japanese
launched their attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl
Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. The core of the U.S.
Pacific Fleet was anchored there with more than 100
U.S. planes lined nearby airfields
*Even though we cracked the code between Tokyo &
the Japanese Embassy in Washington & new an attack
was imminent, we didn’t know exactly when or where
*20 U.S. warships & nearly 200 aircraft were destroyed
& 2400 Americans were killed
DEFINE
APPEASEMENT
*The European leaders had
adopted a policy of
appeasement toward
fascism in Europe
*Giving in to the demands in
attempt to avoid a larger
conflict
NONAGGRESSION PACT
*On Aug. 23, 1939, Stalin (who had
tried to rally the world against
fascism) signed a nonaggression
pact with Hitler
*Both agreed not to attack each
other
*Had a secret pact to divide
Poland between them
IDENTIFY
AXIS POWERS
*Germany (Hitler) & Italy
(Mussolini) formed a
military alliance
*Japan later joined
MUNICH CONFERENCE
*At the request of FDR, Adolf Hitler
(Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy),
Neville Chamberlain (Great Britain),
& Edouard Daladier (France) met in
Munich, Germany to resolve their
conflicts peacefully
*They agreed to give Germany control
of the Sudetenland
WINSTON CHURCHILL
*While some in Europe thought
Hitler only sought to remedy what
he considered wrongs created by
the Treaty of Versailles, others
such as Winston Churchill (Great
Britain) feared that appeasement
would encourage Hitler to seize
additional territories.
ALLIED POWERS
*A week after Stalin & Hitler
signed their nonaggression pact,
Hitler invaded Poland on 9/1/1939
(w/bombers & armored divisions)
*Britain & France (Allied Powers)
declared war on Germany on
9/3/1939
LEND-LEASE ACT
*With G.B. unable to afford the
needed war materials from the U.S.,
Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act
in March of 1941, under FDR’s
recommendation
*It appropriated $7 billion for ships,
planes, tanks, & other supplies to
‘non-Axis’ countries
BLITZKRIEG
*Hitler invaded Poland
with a ‘lightning war’ or
Blitzkrieg
*The French began to
mobilize their troops
MAGINOT LINE
*In May of 1940, German
troops began an attack
around the Maginot Line
(a line of defenses along
the French border with
Germany)
ATLANTIC CHARTER
*In August of 1941, FDR & Churchill secretly
pledged to not pursue territorial expansion
*They affirmed that every nation has the right
to choose its own form of government & also
called for freedom of international trade &
equal access for all countries to raw materials
*Once the war was over, aggressor states should
be disarmed & all nations should work together
to rid the world of fear/poverty
HIDEKI TOJO
*In October, Minister of War
(Hideki Tojo) became Prime
Minister of Japan
*He committed his nation to
expansion as part of the
Greater East Asia Co-prosperity
Sphere