Transcript PacificTheater and EndWWIIx

Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit
of a Japanese Pilot
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!
ATTACK KILLS 2,403 AND WOUNDS
1,178; U.S. DECLARES WAR
• The surprise raid on Pearl
Harbor by 180 Japanese
planes sank or damaged 21
ships and 300 planes
• The losses constituted more
than the U.S. Navy had
suffered in all of WWI
• The next day, FDR addressed
Congress, “Yesterday,
December 7, 1941, (is) a date
which will live in infamy”
• The United States declared
war on Japan and three days
later Germany and Italy
Pacific Theater of Operations
Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle:
First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942
Philippines/Corregidor
"We're the battling bastards of Bataan;
No mama, no papa, no Uncle Sam.
No aunts, no uncles, no cousins, no
nieces,
No pills, no planes, no artillery pieces.
And nobody gives a damn.
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans]
Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW
camps in the Philippines.
54,000 survive the march
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
• The main Allied forces in the Pacific were
Americans and Australians
• In May 1942 they succeeded in stopping
the Japanese drive toward Australia in the
five-day Battle of the Coral Sea
THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
• Japan’s next thrust was
toward Midway Island –
a strategic Island
northwest of Hawaii
• Admiral Chester Nimitz,
the Commander of
American Naval forces
in the Pacific, moved to
defend the Island
• The Americans won a
decisive victory as their
planes destroyed 4
Japanese aircraft
carriers and 250 planes
Battle of Midway Island:
June 4-6, 1942
Allied Counter-Offensive:
“Island-Hopping”
KAMIKAZE
PILOTS ATTACK
ALLIES • The Americans
In the Battle for the Philippines, 424
Kamikaze pilots sank 16 ships and
damaged 80 more
continued leapfrogging
across the Pacific
toward Japan
• Japanese countered by
employing a new tactic
– Kamikaze (divine
wind) attacks
• Pilots in small bombladen planes would
crash into Allied ships
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
Suicide
Bombers
• General
MacArthur and
the Allies next
turned to the
Island of Iwo Jima
• The island was
critical to the
Allies as a base
for an attack on
Japan
• It was called the
most heavily
defended spot on
earth
• Allied and
Japanese forces
suffered heavy
casualties
IWO JIMA
American soldiers plant the flag on
the Island of Iwo Jima after their
victory
THE BATTLE FOR OKINAWA
• In April 1945, U.S.
marines invaded
Okinawa
• The Japanese
unleashed 1,900
Kamikaze attacks
sinking 30 ships and
killing 5,000 seamen
• Okinawa cost the
Americans 7,600
marines and the
Japanese 110,000
soldiers
INVADE JAPAN?
• After Okinawa,
MacArthur
predicted that a
Normandy type
amphibious
invasion of Japan
would result in
1,500,000 Allied
casualties
• President Truman
saw only one way
to avoid an
invasion of
Japan . . .
Okinawa
The loss of life at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
convinced Allied leaders that an invasion
of Japan was not the best idea
The Manhattan Project:
Los Alamos,
NM
Major General
Lesley R. Grovesdirected the
Manhattan Project
I am become
death,
the shatterer
of worlds!
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
In charge of research and development of
the bomb.
Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy
Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed
immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
© 40,000 killed
immediately.
© 60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
JAPAN SURRENDERS
• Japan surrendered
days after the second
atomic bomb was
dropped
• General MacArthur
said, “Today the guns
are silent. The skies
no longer rain death .
. .the entire world is
quietly at peace.”
At the White House, President Harry
Truman announces the Japanese
surrender, August 14, 1945
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
Victory over Japan Day
Cost of World War II
•
•
•
•
72 Million estimated to have died in the war
20 million displaced
418,000 Americans killed
125,000 buried overseas
1.6 trillion dollars spent
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R.
Emerged as the Two Superpowers
of the later 20c
Marshall Plan
•
US provides upwards of $12 billion in
aid to rebuild Western Europe’s
infrastructure and industrial base.
The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War
Europe was divided into Western democracies and Eastern
communist countries – start of the Cold War
The Division of Germany:
1945 – 1990 East/West Germany
The Nuremberg War Trials:
Crimes Against Humanity
Results
SHORT TERM:
It saw the death and incarceration of 21 German major war criminals
Julius Streicher
Nuremberg Trials: Defendants in their dock.
The main target of the prosecution was Hermann Göring (left on
the first row), considered to be the most important surviving
official in the Third Reich after Hitler's death.
LONG TERM:
It set the precedent in International Law for crimes against
humanity
Japanese War Crimes Trials
General
Hideki Tojo
Bio-Chemical
Experiments
The Creation of the U. N.
What does the United Nations Do?
• The UN was created to maintain
international peace and security.
• It also works to maintain friendly
relationships between countries.
• Lastly, it works to promote
economic development of member
nations.
THE OCCUPATION OF JAPAN
• Japan was occupied by U.S. forces under the command of
General MacArthur
• During the seven- year occupation, MacArthur reshaped
Japan’s economy by introducing free-market practices that
led to a remarkable economic recovery
• Additionally, he introduced a liberal constitution that to this
day is called the MacArthur Constitution
7 Future American Presidents
Served in World War II