Transcript FINAL EXAM REVIEW

FINAL EXAM
REVIEW
Unit 4: Decades of Change
43. What were the 1920’s known for?
What caused this to happen?
The 1920’s were known for Prosperity!!!
The prosperity was caused by a boom in:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
agricultural production in the Prairies
mining in BC, MB and Central Canada
US trade for pulp and paper
US car manufacturing, factories built here
Changing technology: electricity, factories
with assembly lines, new inventions for the
home...
44. Who was not included with the typical
movement of the 1920’s? Why?
The 1920’s were known for Prosperity, but this was
not the case for the working poor, women, First
Nations people or the Maritimes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Working poor- little $$, no electricity (rural families,
Chinese/African Canadians...)
Women- WW1 soldiers returned and took back the
jobs, usually gr. 8 education, did not work once
married, paid less than men
First Nations- forced by government into residentia
schools to assimilate, forbidden to assemble
politically or to hire lawyers
Maritimes- less demand for shipbuilding, ports not
modernized, little $$ invested in electricity and
factories, too expensive to transport our products
45. What were some new technologies or
inventions of the 1920’s?
1. Credit- pay by instalments, buy what
you could not otherwise afford!!
2. Cars- mass produced, now more
affordable
3. Telephones- went from ¼ of families to
¾ had one
4. Electric appliances- sewing machines,
irons, washing machines, toasters...
46. How did the 1920’s create industries
out of fashion, sports and entertainment?
1. With new machines to make work
easier, there was more time for leisure
and entertainment.
2. Night clubs were very popular, and they
influenced music, dance and clothing,
popularized drinking and smoking.
3. Inventions of radio and motion pictures
popularized music, especially jazz.
4. Canada’s Golden Age of Sports, more
$$ and time to enjoy, hockey games on
radio, women could compete
47. What is the date of the stock market
crash? What do we call this day?
On October 29, 1929, the stock
market crashed. We call this day
Black Tuesday.
48. What is the difference between victory
bonds and stocks?
The government encouraged people to buy
victory bonds to support the war (WW1),
with the promise that they could cash
them in after the war and be guaranteed
a higher return.
When companies began to sell shares or
stocks, people thought of it as victory
bonds and even used up credit to buy
them took the risk, but this time the
investment was not guaranteed and
many people lost everything.
49. Why did the stock market crash?
During the good times, stock prices kept rising and
people kept buying them. On October 29th,
stocks fell and people rushed to sell them all at
once. No one would buy them, and they fell
even more.
When times were good, many people had
purchased stocks and much more on credit
and now could not repay their debt.
Companies went into debt to manufacture far
too many goods and stock piled them. When
no one was buying, they could not repay their
debts, causing banks to close.
50. What were the 1930’s known for?
The 1930’s were known as the time of The Great Depression- worldwide economic slump, few jobs, very little $$ to be had, and difficult
times.
51. What do we call the 30’s, and why?
We refer to the ’30’s as The Dirty
Thirties- a drought hit the Prairies
and, between huge dust storms and
clouds of grasshoppers, crops were
destroyed. The Prairies were known
as The Dust Bowl.
52. Who was the Prime Minister at the time
of the stock market crash, and who came
next after him?
At the time of the crash, 1929, the
Prime Minister was William Lyon
Mackenzie King.
In 1930, there was an election and
the next Prime Minister was R.B.
Bennett.
53. What did the Prime Minister do to help
alleviate the crisis?
R.B. Bennett’s government gave
$20 million in aid to the
provinces, but then focused on a
balanced budget thereafter.
Some people felt he could have
spent more government $$ to
boost the economy. Personally,
he responded to countless
letters and sent people money
from his own pocket to help
them.
54. What was life like for the common
Canadian person during the 1930’s?
Unemployment ruined lives and
everyone suffered, but the poor
were even poorer. Minority
ethnic groups and very poor
people were discriminated
against when looking for work.
People went without extras, and
without essentials: homeless,
hungry, malnourished, diseased.
‘Relief camps’ were set up for
men needing work.
55. What did people do to make their lives
better?
People living on mixed farms fared
better, since they at least had
food. Those living in cities found
it hard to survive.
People found joy in simple things,
and turned to radio and movies
to make the hard times better.
(CBC radio, comedies, westerns,
love stories and horror…)
People looked to political parties to
bring solutions to the crisis.
56. What political changes did the 1930’s
bring on? Name 3 new parties formed.
New parties had new ideas for solving Canada’s
problems.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Communist Party- gained popularity,
shared prosperity, govt. assistance
The CCF- Co-op Commonwealth Federation,
farmers, labour leaders and professors,
public utilities, govt. programs
The Social Credit Party- each person should
get gov. $$ to buy necessities and stimulate
the economy
The Union Nationale Party of Quebecalliance of Liberals, Conservatives and QC
nationalists united for change
57. What feelings did people have in
Canada and around the world during
the 1930’s?
North American and European
countries all felt the economic
hardship of the Depression. Jobs
were scarce, poverty was
rampant, and people were looking
for governments to step in and
bring change.
Political parties with new ideas were
gaining popularity and the people
were looking for leaders who
could make a difference.
The 1940’s: World War Two
58. What was the Treaty of Versailles, and how
did it contribute as a cause of WW2?
The Treaty of Versailles ended WW1 by blaming
Germany for starting the war and imposing
penalties for the damages caused. Germany
had to pay $$ to repair cities, had to give up
land, and had to keep a very small army.
As a result of the Depression, $$ was scarce
and Germany was broke under the payments
they were making. The people were frustrated
and looking for a way out. Hitler gained
popularity as a leader that could reject the
Treaty and restore Germany to power.
The 1940’s: World War Two
59. Who emerged as a leader to solve
Germany’s problems, but then became a
dictator?
Adolf Hitler was a bold leader and charismatic
speaker who rose up in politics. His Nazi party
gained more and more voters, until Hitler
came into power.
Once a leader, Hitler became a dictator, taking
all the power and decision-making for himself.
Other political parties were outlawed, and
Hitler ruled the country himself.
The 1940’s: World War Two
60. Who did this person blame for the lack of
jobs and prosperity? Who else was targeted
as undesirable members of society?
Adolf Hitler blamed the Jews for taking jobs that
could have belonged to Germans. His Nazi
party was prejudiced against the Jews and
also oppressed other members of society:
Gypsies, Slavs, homosexuals, the mentally
and physically handicapped…
From their first days in power, the Nazi’s began
passing discriminatory laws and encouraging
riots against Jewish people. They began
establishing concentration camps.
The 1940’s: World War Two
61. Describe the ‘Final Solution’ designed to rid
society of unwanted people? What is the term
for this time of mass execution of millions of
people?
Hitler’s concentration camps were divided
between work camps and extermination
camps. The Nazi’s were committed to the
Final Solution, a plan to murder all of Europe’s
Jews and anyone else thought to be
undesirable.
The mass execution of people in order to wipe
out an ethnic group is called genocide.
The 1940’s: World War Two
62. What is the term used to refer to the policy of
turning a blind eye in order to keep the
peace? What did this policy allow to happen?
Hitler began to violate the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles, invading border towns and reclaiming
lost territory.
In order to keep the peace, Britain, France and the
US did not react in any way to Hitler’s violations.
This policy of turning a blind eye is known as
appeasement.
Giving Germany what it wanted just made them
demand more and more. They invaded Poland on
Sept.1, 1939, and 2 days later, Britain and France
declared war.
The 1940’s: World War Two
63. Name the 2 groups of countries who went to
war with each other.
The Allies- France, Britain and the Commonwealth
The Axis- Germany, Italy and Japan (non-aggression
pact with the Soviet Union)
The 1940’s: World War Two
64. Hitler used blitzkrieg to break through the
Maginot Line (trench warfare) in France. What
does this word mean?
Blitzkrieg- ‘lightning war’, a tactic which combines
tanks, aircraft and troops, striking in fast-moving,
powerful units.
This was a new and unexpected form of attack that
allowed Hitler to break through the Maginot Line
and invade France.
The 1940’s: World War Two
65. How many ships were in Canada’s merchant
marine, and what were they used for? Why
were they a remarkable contribution to the
war?
In 1939, Canada had a merchant marine of only 38
ships for transporting war supplies. They were
sailed by regular fishermen and the first ones sent
were sunk by the Germans.
The merchant marine fleet grew to 403 ships, the 4th
largest in the world, making 25 000 voyages
waging naval war in what was called The Battle of
the Atlantic.
The 1940’s: World War Two
66. How was the National Resources
Mobilization Act an example of conscription?
Why did it work better than it did in WW1?
The NRMA moved Canadians to a total commitment
to the war, with home defense soldiers enlisted,
as well as volunteer armies. The government sent
home defense soldiers into battle later on when
they were needed.
In WW1, conscription caused a crisis because the
only language in the army was English. By WW2,
there were Francophone regiments and so
Francophones wanted to enlist.
The 1940’s: World War Two
67. What event occurred on Dec.7th, 1941, and
why was it considered a grave mistake during
the war?
This date marks Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbour. It
was a grave mistake because it caused the US to
join with the Allies, thus strengthening the
opposing side.
The US would later turn on Japan and bomb
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing huge
devastation and atomic radiation.
The 1940’s: World War Two
68. What was another serious mistake made
during the war? What was the consequence?
The other mistake was that Germany broke their
non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, and
attacked them.
The Germans were defeated and the Soviet Union
was no longer neutral.
The 1940’s: World War Two
69. Who was Tommy Prince, what is he famous
for and what difference did he make?
Tommy Prince was Canada’s most decorated First Nations war
hero. Originating from Winnipeg, Tommy Prince was rejected
when he first tried to enlist in the army, because of his race. He
persisted and was accepted into a unique combat unit called
‘The Devil’s Brigade’.
In Italy, Prince volunteered to run a communication line to an
abandoned farmhouse only 200m from the German troops. He
lived in the farmhouse 3 days and reported on German
activities, until German fire broke the cable. Prince pretended he
was a farmer weeding in the field, then stooped to tie his shoe,
where he actually repaired the communication line. The
Germans took no notice of him, and he was able to report on
German tanks.
Prince was awarded 8 medals for bravery and the Silver Star from
the US. A Hollywood movie was made about his exploit. Now
Tommy Prince is a war hero and a role model for his people.
The 1940’s: World War Two
70. Hitler had defeated and taken over Poland
and France, until the Allies invaded to reclaim
Europe. What was their plan called? What
was their landing on the beaches of
Normandy called?
Their plan was called Operation Overlord, and their
landings on the beaches of Normandy, part of this
plan, were called the D-Day landings.
The 1940’s: World War Two
71. When did the war start and end?
World War Two= Sept.1939 - Sept. 1945
72. After Germany was defeated, the Allies
turned on Japan, which is referred to as…?
The Allies vs. Japan was referred to as the ‘War
in the Pacific’.
73. What was the ‘Manhattan Project’?
This was the code name for the development of
the atomic bomb by US scientists, used for
the first time against Japan.
The 1940’s: World War Two
74. What was unusual about the bombing of
Hiroshima and 3 days later, Nagasaki?
The amount of devastation was unusual, far
surpassing what scientists expected. Nearly
140 000 died from the explosion, and the
same from exposure to radiation afterward.
75. Could we have been said to use weapons of
mass destruction in an act of terrorism?
Yes, the very things we say about other
countries could be said about us.
The 1940’s: World War Two
76. What effect does a war have on the
economy? Why?
A war causes the economy to rebound, or to
boom again, since there are people needed to
fight and war supplies to produce and
transport.
77. Who was not allowed by the Canadian
government to enlist in the war, and why?
Farmers and miners were not allowed to enlist in
the war, because their help was needed at
home to produce food and metals for
ammunition to support the war.
The 1940’s: World War Two
78. How did the war impact the lives of
Canadian women?
There were over 46 000 women who served
overseas during the war. With many men sent
away as soldiers, women worked in the
factories and did other jobs considered to be
men’s work. Daycares were created so
mothers could work. Women gained selfconfidence and independence from their work.
The 1940’s: World War Two
79. What changes did the government make to
help Canadians live better during this time?
The government imposed rationing during the
war, controlling the distribution of products in
short supply, such as coffee, tea and sugar,
gas, rubber and certain metals.
This helped us not to suffer shortages, malnutrition
and even starvation, as other people did.
Government assistance programs to families were
developed, such as family allowance and
unemployment insurance.
The 1940’s: World War Two
80. What was life like for people during the war?
Very few consumer goods were produced, such
as watches, pens, cars, tires, home
appliances, etc… There was not much in
stores to buy, so even though more
Canadians were working and had a little $$,
there wasn’t much to spend it on.
Many people bought victory bonds again, and
cashed them in after the war, which brought
about an economic boom after the war.
The 1940’s: World War Two
81. Who was Tommy Douglas and what
difference did he make in Canada’s social
policies?
Tommy Douglas was the leader of Canada’s first
Socialist party, the CCF (Co-op
Commonwealth Federation).
He was a social activist who fought for social
programs from the government. He is the one
who proposed the family allowance and
unemployment insurance benefits that the
government later offered.
The 1940’s: World War Two
82. What province became part of Confederation
after the war?
Newfoundland was a self-governing British
colony before the war, and voted to join
Canadian Confederation after the war. In
1948, they became our last province to join.
The 1940’s: World War Two
84. How was the war a turning point in Canadian
Identity?
Canada used to be a prejudiced and racist country who
used discriminating immigration policies to keep out
people who were not of Western European, white,
Christian backgrounds.
Once Allied troops invaded Europe to fight Hitler’s plan for
world domination, they saw the true brutality of his
concentration camps, and the mass extermination of
disadvantaged people.
Canada had refused to accept Jewish refugees fleeing
Hitler’s invasions, and had not helped people in need.
After the war ended, Canada instituted policies to
accept a certain number of people in need each year.
We have become famous for acceptance and multiculturalism  !!!