Transcript Germany
Create a KWL for Hitler Fold a piece of notebook paper into thirds Label the columns Know Want to Know Learned Fill out the chart for Know and Want to Know WWI Refresher How did WWI end? Germany was forced to claim full responsibility for the war Germany was forced to pay war reparations (pay for the damage) How do you think Germany felt after the Treaty of Versailles? Objectives: Content: Predict how Germany felt after World War I. Learning: List the countries each leader was from and which alliance they were on. Causes of World War II 1. Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I Worldwide depression High war debt owed by Germany Massive unemployment High inflation The value of money decreased because so much was being printed In 1914: 1 US dollar = 4.2 Marks In 1923: 1 US dollar = 4.2 Rentenmarks Which is = 4,200,000,000,000 Marks http://safeshare.tv/v/IiSFXt-Ogm4 2. Rise of Fascism Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied Fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis Powers Axis Powers Country Leader Germany Italy Japan Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Jump to Mussolini in your notes!! Benito Mussolini Italian Dictator 1922 - 1943 • Fascist Italian dictator. • The King of Italy placed him into a power position in 1922 and Mussolini took over • Banned all other political parties. • Believed Italy needed to restore glory and territory of the Roman Empire. What do you think of these paintings? Adolf Hitler German Dictator 1933-1945 • Became leader of a fascist group commonly called the Nazi Party. • Chancellor of Germany in 1933 then takes title of “Der Fuhrer” • Totalitarian leader • Blamed Jews for world’s problems • Believed Germany needed to expand and create a better society at all costs. Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister 1941-1944 • Was appointed Prime Minister during the war by the Emperor of Japan, Emperor Hirohito. • Prior to his appointment, he was the General of the Japanese Imperial Army. • Wanted to expand the Japanese Empire. The Allies Country France Great Britain Canada United States Soviet Union (In 1941) Leader Albert François Lebrun Winston Churchill William Lyon Mackenzie King Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman Joseph Stalin The Democratic nations (United States, Great Britain, and Canada) were known as the Allies The Soviet Union was not a democratic country but they joined the Allies after they were invaded by Germany. United States Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1945 Harry Truman 1945-1953 U.S. Presidents FDR was President of the United States throughout the war until his death on April 12, 1945 FDR’s successor was Vice President Harry Truman Winston Churchill British Prime Minister • 1940-1945 & 1951-1955 Became Prime Minister during WWII. • He was chosen based on his strong stance against Germany and belief in Britain fighting back. • Was one of the most popular Prime Ministers ever in Great Britain. https://youtu.be/MkTw3_PmKtc Joseph Stalin Soviet Union Dictator 1928-1953 • Participated in the Russian Revolution of 1917 • After Lenin's death, he conspired against all of his own political comrades until he gained complete power. • Totalitarian leader who used terror to accomplish goals. Just so you know Totalitarian regimes, in contrast to a dictatorship, establish complete political, social, and cultural control over their subjects, and are usually headed by a charismatic leader. Fascism is a form of rightwing totalitarianism which emphasizes the subordination of the individual to advance the interests of the state. The War Begins… Germany had been expanding and breaking the Treaty of Versailles during the 1930s. Germany signed the Munich Agreement, which gave them a part of Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler stopped trying to take any more territory. In August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact. In the pact, they agreed not to declare war on each other. Brainpop WWII But it didn’t work… Hitler broke his promise! On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations. Two days later, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. World War II had begun! http://youtu.be/G1HDuqAU5U4 http://youtu.be/EV65XRN1lU0 What do you think about this cartoon? Take 20-30 seconds to discuss this with your partner This one? if we listened to the AmericaFirst-isms of Charles Lindbergh and Senators Wheeler and Nye," said Seuss. "I, probably, was intemperate in my attacks on them. But they almost disarmed this country at the time it was obviously about to be destroyed. "The first person to fly solo across the Atlantic, Lindbergh, an international hero, spoke highly of Hitler's regime. America First was an antiinterventionist organization against the Roosevelt administration's plans for intervention. Seuss used the ostrich as a symbol of isolationism in many of his cartoons. What about this one? Take 20-30 seconds to discuss this with your partner Theater During a time of war, the military uses the term “theater” to refer to a specific geographical area. WWII had two theaters: European and Pacific. Fronts The European Theater was broken up into the Western and Eastern Front because the European Theater was so big. Germany Invades Poland September 1, 1939 1st What happened? use of “Blitzkrieg” – coordinated air and tank attack. Polish Army was defeated in a matter of weeks by Germans and Soviets. Britain and France declared War on Germany to honor their agreement to protect Poland’s borders Importance Beginning of WWII Germany invades France May 10-22 1940 What happened? Days after Germany invades France, the German Army captures Paris French government agrees to disband Importance Britain is now the only member of the Allies in Europe The invasion also helped strengthen the Nazi hold over Europe Battle of Britain Started July 1940 What happened? Air Raids by Germany against London & other major cities Germany wanted to destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF) & force Great Britain to surrender Germany believed they couldn’t carry out an invasion of Great Britain until the RAF was taken down Importance First defeat of Hitler’s military forces