Transcript General Douglas MacArthur

YOU DO NOT
HAVE TO COPY
INFORMATION
IN BLACK
EUROPE AT
THE HEIGHT
OF AXIS
CONTROL
HITLER FIRST STRATEGY
• FDR AGREES THAT GERMANY IS A
LARGER THREAT TO THE WORLD
• BRITAIN AND THE USSR MUST NOT
FALL
• THE US MAY NEED MORE ALLIES IN
THE PACIFIC
ALLIANCE BETWEEN BRITAIN, U.S., AND SOVIET UNION
• GERMANY INVADED THE USSR IN MAY, 1941
• OPERATION BARBAROSSA, 1941
• HOPES TO CONQUER RUSSIA BEFORE
WINTER STALLED IN THE BALKANS
• STALINGRAD BECAME THE LINCHPIN
• 3 MILLION GERMANS AND RUSSIANS KILLED
AMERICAN GENERALS IN EUROPE
GENERAL DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
SUPREME COMMANDER OF THE ALLIED FORCES IN EUROPE
GENERAL GEORGE S PATTON
COMMANDER OF THE US 7TH IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND
EUROPEAN THEATERS OF WWII
OPERATION TORCH (NORTH AFRICA), 1942
•THE USSR DEMANDED A SECOND
FRONT
•UNDER PATTON, THE US INVADED
NORTH AFRICA AT MOROCCO
• 275,000 GERMANS SURRENDER
•THE US USED NORTH AFRICA TO GET
TO THE ISLAND OF SICILY AND THEN TO
ITALY
• “SOFT UNDERBELLY OF EUROPE”
• THE USSR COMPLAINED IT WAS TAKING
TOO LONG
STRATEGIC BOMBING
• THE ALLIES BOMBED ITALY AND GERMANY TO DESTROY THEIR
INDUSTRY
• BRITISH BOMBED AT NIGHT DESPITE HIGHER CIVILIAN
CASUALTIES
• U.S. CONTINUED DAYTIME RAIDS FROM ENGLAND AND ITALY
• 1.5 MILLION TONS OF BOMBS WERE DROPPED ON GERMANY
• IT’S DEBATABLE HOW EFFECTIVE THE BOMBING WAS
• THEY WERE PSYCHOLOGICALLY TRAUMATIC
BOMBING OF DRESDEN
• 4,500 TONS OF HIGH
EXPLOSIVE INCENDIARY
BOMBS
• 13 SQUARE MILES OF LAND
• KILLED AN ESTIMATE
135,000 PEOPLE
• MOST DEVASTATING
BOMBING RAID OF WWII
OPERATION OVERLORD (D-DAY), JUNE 6, 1944
•D-DAY WAS THE LARGEST
AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT IN HISTORY
•PLANNED BY GEN. EISENHOWER
• NUMEROUS FAKE PLANS WERE LEAKED
•150,000 TROOPS LANDED ON FIVE
BEACHES
• JUST UNDER 7000 SHIPS WERE
INVOLVED
•FRANCE AND BELGIUM WERE
LIBERATED BY SEPTEMBER
D-DAY, JUNE 6, 1944
BATTLE OF THE BULGE, 1944
• GERMANS TRY TO PUSH ALLIES BACK
TO THE ENGLISH CHANNEL
• 250,000 GERMAN TROOPS WERE SENT TO TAKE
ANTWERP
• THIS WAS AFTER OPERATION MARKET GARDEN
• IT CREATED A “BULGE” IN THE ALLIED
LINE
• THE US HELD AT BASTOGNE AND WILL
PUSH STEADILY TO BERLIN
V-E DAY (MAY 8, 1945)
• THE US AND BRITAIN PUSHED
INTO GERMANY FROM THE WEST
WHILE THE USSR CAME FROM
THE EAST
• WHILE EUROPEANS CHEERED,
AMERICANS FEARED THE WAR IN
JAPAN
THE HEIGHT
OF THE
JAPANESE
EMPIRE
AMERICAN GENERAL IN THE PACIFIC
GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR
COMMANDER OF ALLIED FORCES IN
THE PACIFIC
THE PHILIPPINES
• JAPAN TOOK GUAM, WAKE ISLAND, AND HONG
KONG
• HALF OF THE AMERICA’S FIGHTER PLANES WERE
DESTROYED
• US LOST THE PHILIPPINES IN MAY 1942
• GEN. DOUGLAS MACARTHUR RETREATED TO
AUSTRALIA
• 75,000 AMERICANS WERE FORCED TO MARCH
55 MILES IN THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH
• 7000 AMERICANS AND FILIPINOS DIED
• THEY WILL BE IN PRISON CAMPS UNTIL 1945
THE PHILIPPINES
•US WILL RETAKE THE PHILIPPINES
IN 1944 IN THE LARGEST NAVAL
BATTLE IN HISTORY
• 60 JAPANESE SHIPS SUNK
•PHILIPPINES GIVEN
INDEPENDENCE IN 1947
ISLAND HOPPING
•THE US DECIDED TO
ONLY TAKE
IMPORTANT ISLANDS
TO CONTROL THE AIR
AND THE SEA
BATTLE OF MIDWAY, 1942
•ADM. NIMITZ SUNK 4 JAPANESE
AIRCRAFT CARRIERS AND
DESTROYED 100’S OF PLANES
• U.S. BREAK JAPANESE CODES
•JAPAN NEVER RECOVERED AND
THE TIDE OF WAR TURNED
THE BATTLE OF IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA
• IWO JIMA (FEB – MARCH 1945)
• US CASUALTIES EXCEEDED D-DAY
• JAPANESE SOLDIERS WERE EITHER KILLED OR
COMMITTED SUICIDE
• OKINAWA (APRIL 1, 1945)
• US CASUALTIES CLOSE TO 50,000
• 100,000+ JAPANESE DIED
• ALLOWED THE DAILY BOMBING OF JAPAN
• MARCH 9-10 THE US WILL FIREBOMB TOKYO
• 250,000 BUILDINGS DESTROYED (25% OF TOKYO)
• 83,000 PEOPLE KILLED, MORE THAN EITHER NUCLEAR
BOMB
NAVAJO CODE TALKERS
•25,000 NATIVE AMERICANS
SERVED IN THE MILITARY
•THEIR LANGUAGE COULD NOT
BE DECODED BY THE
JAPANESE
• KEY TO VICTORY AT IWO JIMA
BOMBING OF TOKYO
• MARCH 9, 1945
• 2,000 TONS OF
INCENDIARY BOMBS
• ALMOST 16 SQUARE
MILES INCINERATED
• 80,000 – 130,000
JAPANESE CIVILIANS
KILLED
THE ATOMIC BOMB
•THE MANHATTAN PROJECT, 1941
• EINSTEIN THEORIZED THE POTENTIAL
OF THE BOMB
• OPPENHEIMER WAS DIRECTOR OF THE
$2 BILLION PROJECT
• OVER 100,000 WORKED ON THE BOMB
• LAWRENCE NUCLEAR LAB IN IN
OAKRIDGE, TN
THE ATOMIC BOMB
•ALAMOGORDO, NM
• THE FIRST TEST WAS JULY 16, 1945
• IT CREATED A 1,200 FOOT CRATER AND A
MUSHROOM CLOUD 8 MILES HIGH
• SCIENTISTS 7 MILES AWAY KNOCKED
BACKWARDS
• IT COULD BE SEEN 180 MILES AWAY AND
HEARD 100 MILES AWAY
• A BLIND GIRL SAW THE FLASH MILES AWAY
HIROSHIMA, AUG. 6, 1945
10 feet
9700 lbs.
• ENOLA GAY (B-29) DELIVERED THE 15
KILOTON “LITTLE BOY” ON AUGUST 6,
1945
• EXPLODED 1,900 FEET ABOVE THE CITY
(100,000,000°)
• SHADOWS OF PEOPLE WERE LEFT ON THE WALLS
• 60,000 – 80,000 WERE KILLED BY THE
BOMB OR SICKNESS FROM RADIATION
• ESTIMATED 135,000 FINAL DEATH TOLL
Col. Paul Tibbets
NAGASAKI, AUG. 9, 1945
10’ 8”
10,800 lbs.
• A SECOND 21 KILOTON BOMB “FAT MAN”
WAS DROPPED AUGUST 9, 1945
• AT LEAST 50,000 KILLED UPON IMPACT
• WAS THIS TOO SOON?
• USSR DECLARED WAR ON JAPAN
• SOME ARGUE THE BOMB WAS DROPPED TO
SCARE THE RUSSIANS AS MUCH AS THE
JAPANESE
•Maj. Charles Sweeney
THE ATOMIC BOMB
V-J DAY (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945)
•MACARTHUR ACCEPTED JAPANESE
SURRENDER ON THE USS MISSOURI
•JAPAN KEPT ITS EMPEROR BUT HAD
TO WRITE A NEW CONSTITUTION
• COULD NOT HAVE A MILITARY
•THE US OCCUPIED JAPAN