Transcript Nicaragua

Nicaragua
By:
Marcella Perez
Jorge Torres
Jacky Rios
Nicaragua’s Geography
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Located in Central America
 Borders Caribean Sea & North Pacific Ocean
 Between Costa Rica & Honduras
Exact Location: 13•0’0”N (latitude) and 85 0’0”W
(longitude)
Tropical in Lowlands, Cooler in Highlands
Dry: January-June, Rainy: July-December
Highest Mountains:
 Mogoton (2,107m)
 Volcan San Cristobal(1,745m)
 Volcan Concepcion (1,610m)
 Cerro La Montana (1,349m)
Capital: Managua
Sacuanjoche
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Nicaragua’s National Flower
Guardabarrancos
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Nicaragua’s National Bird
Social Aspects
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Languages:
 98% Spanish
 2%other (English, Miskito, Creole, Mayanga,
Garifuna, Rama)
Religions:
 Roman Catholic 56%
 Evagelical Protestants 22%
5.6 million current populates
Expected Population by 2025: 8.6 million
Birth Rate: 108,976 per year
Life Expectancy:
 Females: 75 years
 Males: 70years
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Infant Mortality Rates: 22.64% (24,652 deaths)
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Male: 25.94%
Female: 19.19%
Literacy Rate: 67.5%
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Male: 67.2%
Female: 67.8%
Nicaraguan History
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Name derived from Nicarao chief of indigenous tribe
established in present day Lake Nicaragua (1400s-1500s)
1524: Hernandez de Cordoba founds first permanent Spanish
settlements in region, including two principal towns
1821: Nicaragua gains independence from Spain becoming a
part of Mexican Empire and later a member of a Federation of
Independent Central American Provinces
1838: Nicaragua becomes an independent republic
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Liberal Elite of Leon and Conservative Elite of Granada
frequently led to civil war
1855: Nicaragua is invited by liberals to join struggles
against conservatives
1856: American William Walker and "Filibusters" seize
presidency
September 14, 1856: Walker’s troops along with
Nicaraguan troops fight a historic battle at San Jacinto
Hacienda
 Now celebrated as National Holiday of Independence.
1857: Liberals and Conservatives unite against Walker
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1893: Jose Santos Zelaya takes advantage of divisions
within Conservative ranks and leads a Liberal revolt that
carries him to power.
1894: Zelaya ends a longstanding dispute with Britain
over Caribbean coast and formally reincorporates region
into Nicaragua, establishing Nicaragua’s present-day
boundaries
1925-26: United States maintains previous Nicaraguan
troops from 1912-1933
1927-1933: U.S. Marines stationed in Nicaragua engage
in an effort to capture rebel forces led by Augusto
Sandino, a Liberal general who had rejected a 1927
negotiated agreement brokered by US to end conflict
between Liberals and Conservatives
Agriculture
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Main agricultural exports:
 Coffee, Cotton, Sugar, Bananas
Nontraditional exports are growing and include:
 Honeydew melons, Cantaloupe, Sesame seed, Onions,
Baby corn, Asparagus, Artichokes, Cut flowers
Sorghum, Cacao, Yucca, Tobacco, Plantains, and various
other fruits and vegetables are produced on a smaller scale of
local markets
Beverages
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“El Macuá”, a blend of light rum, guava juice, lemon juice and
sugar recently voted the official Nicaraguan beverage
Most popular brands of cerveza (beer): Toña & La Victoria
Bufalo = relatively new beer
International beers like Heineken and Corona are easy to find
Cacao = a chocolate drink made from a bean called “Cacao”
Food
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There are a lot traditional Nicaraguan dishes. Each region,
according to geographical and cultural characteristics,
produced various dishes, drinks, sweets.
Most famous dishes would be:
Gallo Pinto: white rice and beans
Vigoron: a dish that comes from Granada, consist of
Chicharron (fried pork) yucca and cabbage salad.
Nacatamal: Is a Nicaraguan tamal, made up of corn flour
stuffed with meat pork) mashed potato and vegetables. It is
tied in a plantain leaf and boiled.
Indio Viejo: (Old Indian) a stew like dish with shredded meat,
onion, tomatoes and peppers fried with precooked corn meal
and thinned out with orange juice and broth.
Tostones: is also known as “platano frito” a crunchy deepfried platains is added as a side to dish
Forestry in Nicaragua
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About 38.6% of Nicaragua is forested
The country has four distinct forest zones:
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deciduous hardwood, mountain pine, lowland pine, and evergreen
hardwood
Largest remaining timber resources (evergreen hardwood
zone) are largely inaccessible
Southernmost area of natural North American pine lands
The most known cloud forest is Selva Negra (Black Forest),
in the Matagalpa region
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Total forest area: 5,189,000 acres
Percent of land area: 42.7%
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Primary forest cover: 1,849,000 acres
Percent of land area: 15.2%
Percent total forest area: 35.6%
Mining in Nicaragua
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Gold!! In the past decade, the price of gold
has gone from $300 an ounce to more
than $1800
These record prices have caused a boom in gold mining
across Latin America
Second poorest country in Western Hemisphere after Haiti
People have been mining gold for centuries
World War I
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Nicaragua’s alliance before the war, was support from the Central
American Armies.
Nicaragua was dragged into war do to the struggle for power and
politics
Nicaragua's alliance during the war was North America Mercenary
army's
Nicaragua fought few kilometers North of Managua
The battle was brought by conflict over power from strong cities like
Leon and Granda and political parties.
A few years later this confrontation provoked a historical incident
which threatened the new nation.
Nircaraguas monetary and human cost to the country was
government, but under International Monetary and proposed bill,
treats water as a human right and underlines the necessity of lowcost access to it. Economic freedom report on Nicaragua ... declines
in property rights, fiscal freedom, business freedom, and labor
freedom
Nicaragua War Timeline
War Timeline
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May 30 1912 US Marines were sent to Nicaragua to protect U.S.A
interest.
1914- President Emilio Chamorro signs the Bryan. Chamorro treaty with
the USA administration. In exchange for 3 million, the U.S. get the right to
build and establish a naval base in the gulf of fonseca. The BryanChamorro treaty provokes anti north American sentiment and Guerilla
Warfare in Nicaragua, and elicits pretest from other Central American
countries.
1915- First Nation tournament was organize in Managua with the US
Marines
1916-The Chamorro treat transforms Nicaragua into a near United States
protectorate. In February Ruben Dario Poet died, was considered the
father of the “Modernismo” movement
United States Marines occupied Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933, except for
a nine-month period beginning in 1925. After intermittent landings and
naval bombardments in the previous decades, was occupied by the U.S.
almost continuously from 1912 through 1933.
1918 Banana Wars
May 8 1918 Austria - Nicaragua
May 8 & 24 1918 Germany- Nicaragua
World War II
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During World War II, the government confiscated the properties of
Nicaragua's small, but economically influential German community and sold
them to Somoza and his family at ridiculously low prices
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Members of the Pan American Union, who were all neutral between 1939
and 1941, formed a mutual defense pact at a conference of foreign
ministers at Havana, from 21 to 30 July 1940. The "Declaration on
Reciprocal Assistance and Cooperation for the Defense of the Nations of
the Americas"
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1941: Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Nicaragua enters World War
II on December 9, 1941. Nicaragua declared war on the Axis powers.
Immediately after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Although Nicaragua
was not actively involved in World War II, it qualified for United States LendLease military aid in exchange for U.S. base facilities at Corinto
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1944, Somoza was the largest landowner in Nicaragua, owning fifty-one
cattle ranches and forty-six coffee plantations, as well as several sugar mills
and rum distilleries. Somoza named himself director of the Pacific Railroad,
linking Managua to the nation's principal port, Corinto which moved his
merchandise and crops for free and maintained his vehicles and agricultural
equipment
World War II
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1945: In June, Nicaragua became the first nation to be recognized
as a charter member of the United Nations
1947 Upon being sworn in as President in May 1947, Argüello
displayed considerable independence, attempting to reduce the
power of the National Guard and the control of Somoza and his
associates over the economy. Less than a month later, Somoza
orchestrated another coup, naming one of his wife's uncles,
Benjamin Lacayo as President.
Timeline of World War II
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World War 2 involved most of the world's nations which fought for
either of two military alliances - the Axis Powers and the Allies.
The key members of the Allies of World War 1 - France, Britain,
Russia and the United States once again fought against Germany
but they also had to fight against their former allies of Italy and
Japan which joined the Nazi Germany. Just like World War 1, World
War 2 started in Europe with the German invasion of Poland on
September 1, 1939, which is traditionally viewed as the beginning of
war.
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Most of the countries of world joined the Allies a few of them were
Brazil, Australia, Chile, China, Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, Ecuador,
Honduras, Mexico
Although Nicaragua was not actively involved in World War II, it
qualified for, and violence wrought by armed bands of former Contra
and Sandinista soldiers.
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World War II: 1939-1945
Works Cited
http://www.pri.org/stories/business/global-development/nicaragua-s-gold-mining-industryis-booming-boosting-country-s-economy-7834.html
http://www.indexmundi.com/nicaragua/life_expectancy_at_birth.html
http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Nicaragua-FORESTRY.html
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/marines-nicaragua.htm
http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=143&year=1942
http://timelines.ws/countries/NICARAGUA.HTML
http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/11987928
http://www.usmcpresentarms.com/adsusmc_nicaragua.html
http://vianica.com/go/specials/2-nicaraguan_food.html
http://www.yoyita.com/Recetas_nicas/Indio_viejo_recetas_nicas.htm
http://www.newstrackindia.com/information/worldinfo/latitudelongitude/Country/WhatIsLati
tudeLongitudeOfNicaragua.htm
http://rainforests.mongabay.com/20nicaragua.htm