Transcript CCA World WAR II

CCA WORLD WAR II
• Complete the Review using the PPT and the
Jarrett Book
• CCA tomorrow, Friday May 6th
Appeasement
• Term for the British-French policy of
attempting to prevent war by giving in to
German demands.
• The term is most often applied to the foreign
policy of the British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain towards Nazi Germany between
1937 and 1939.
Appeasement
Non-Aggression Pact (1939)
• On August 23, 1939, representatives from Nazi
Germany and the Soviet Union met and
signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact,
which guaranteed that the two countries
would not attack each other.
Nazi-Soviet
Pact (1939)
By signing this pact,
Germany had protected
itself from having to fight a
two-front war in the soonto-begin World War II; the
Soviet Union was awarded
land, including parts of
Poland and the Baltic
States.
The pact was broken
when Nazi
Germany attacked the
Soviet Union less than two
years later, on June 22,
1941.
Stalin and Hitler (Partners in Crime)
Hitler’s violation of Treaty of Versailles
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1933: Germany stopped paying war reparations
1933:Began secret rearmament.
1934: Interference in the internal affairs of Austria.
1934 :Germany began to build an air force.
1935: Re-introduction of compulsory military service for all ablebodied young men. Fivefold (!) increase in the size of the German
armed forces. (Major breach of the treaty).
1936: Remilitarized the Rhineland, which had been remained
German but been demilitarized under terms of the Versailles Treaty.
(Major breach).
1938: Annexation of Austria - contrary to the treaty. (Major breach).
1939 (March): Annexed Memel.
1938 ( September) Hitler claimed parts of Czechoslovakia
1939 (March): Annexed Memel.
Hitler's violation of TOV
German Aggression
(Violation of TOV)
Hitler was
confident that
the allies will
not go to war
against him
even if he
violates the
TOV.
Winston Churchill (Allies)
• Winston Churchill (1874-1965) served as the
prime minister of Great Britain from 1940 to 1945
and again from 1951 to 1955. He led Britain's
fight against Nazi Germany in World War II.
• Churchill was a talented orator, giving many
stirring speeches to boost national morale during
the war. A close friend of American presidents
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman
Churchill-one of the Big Three
WWII beginnings
• World War Two in Europe began on 3rd
September 1939, when the Prime Minister of
Britain, Neville Chamberlain, declared war on
Germany.
• The Second World War was started by
Germany in an unprovoked attack on Poland.
WWII Begins 1939
Blitzkriegs (lightning war)
• On 1st September 1939, German forces invaded
Poland. Blitzkrieg (A form of warfare used by
German forces in World War II.
• In a blitzkrieg, troops in vehicles, such as tanks,
made quick surprise strikes with support from
airplanes.
• These tactics resulted in the swift German
conquest of France and Poland in 1940 (see fall of
France).Blitzkrieg is German for "lightning war."
Pearl Harbor
• A naval base in Hawaii that was attacked by
the Japanese.
• The attack forced the U.S to go to war on the
side of the Allies.
Axis Powers
• Axis - Germany, Italy, Japan
• Those states opposed to the Allies during the
Second World War. The three major Axis
Powers, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the
Empire of Japan were part of an alliance. At
their zenith, the Axis Powers ruled empires
that dominated large parts of Europe, Asia,
Africa and the Pacific Ocean, but the Second
World War ended with their total defeat.
Allies
• Allies - US, England, France, Soviet Union
• Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United
States, and France during World War II.
Big Three (Leaders of the Allies)
• Soviet Union leader Josef Stalin
• U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt
• British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
Holocaust
• The Holocaust was the systematic,
bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and
murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime
and its collaborators.
Holocaust-Nazi Camps
Holocaust -Nazi Camps
• Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany
established about 20,000 camps to imprison
its many millions of victims. These camps were
used for a range of purposes including forcedlabor camps, transit camps which served as
temporary way stations, and killing centers
built primarily or exclusively for mass murder.
Final Solution
• The "Final Solution of the Jewish Question"
was the Nazi plan for the extermination of the
Jews.
• Rooted in 19th-century anti-Semitic discourse
on the "Jewish question," the Final Solution is
a Nazi cover term that denotes the last stage
in the evolution of the Third Reich's antiJewish policies from persecution to physical
annihilation on a European scale.
Stalingrad
• The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the largest
and deadliest battles in World War II.
• It was a turning point in the war. After losing
the battle, the German army lost so many
soldiers and took such a defeat that they
never quite recovered.
Battle of Stalingrad
The battle took
place during the
last part of 1942
and early 1943.
After months of
fighting and finally
nearly starving to
death, the
Germans
surrendered on
February 2, 1943.
More on Stalingrad
• Stalingrad was located in Southwest Russia on
the Volga River.
• It was a major industrial and communications
center for the Soviet Union in the south. Also,
it was named after the Soviet leader Josef
Stalin.
• This made the city important to Stalin and
also important to Hitler, who hated Stalin.
Liberation of France
• During World War II (1939-1945), the Battle of
Normandy, which lasted from June 1944 to
August 1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of
Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control.
Codenamed Operation Overlord, the battle
began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day,
when some 156,000 American, British and
Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a
50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of
France’s Normandy region.
Normandy Invasion
• The invasion was one of the largest amphibious
military assaults in history and required extensive
planning. Prior to D-Day, the Allies conducted a
large-scale deception campaign designed to
mislead the Germans about the intended
invasion target.
• By late August 1944, all of northern France had
been liberated, and by the following spring the
Allies had defeated the Germans.
• The Normandy landings have been called the
beginning of the end of war in Europe.
Normandy Invasion
Operation Overlord
• Operation Overlord was the code-name given to
the Allied invasion of France scheduled for
June 1944. The overall commander of Operation
Overlord was General Dwight Eisenhower. Other
senior commanders for Overlord included Air
Marshall Leigh-Mallory, Air Marshall Tedder, Field
Marshall Bernard Montgomery and Admiral
Bertram Ramsey. Operation Overlord required
the type of logistical issues that no army had ever
had to cope with before and the plan was for the
Allies to have landed a vast amount of both men
and equipment by the end of D-Day itself.
Operation Overlord
War in the Pacific
• The American navy attacked islands held by the
Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of
each successive island from the Japanese brought
the American navy closer to an Invasion of Japan.
• After the Battle of Midway, the United States
launched a counter-offensive strike known as
"island-hopping," establishing a line of
overlapping island bases, as well as air control.
The idea was to capture certain key islands, one
after another, until Japan came within range of
American bombers. Led by General
Island Hopping in the Pacific
Manhattan Project
• The Manhattan project was a secret research
and development project of the U.S to
develop the atomic bomb.
• Its success granted the U.S the bombs that
ended the war with Japan as well as ushering
the country into the atomic era.
Kamikaze
• Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their
planes with explosives and crashed them into
American ships. Demonstrated the Japanese
mindset of never surrendering.
Kamikaze
Atomic Bomb
• In summer 1945, President Truman focused
on two choices to end the war with Japan:
land invasion of the island nation-Japan or
use the atomic bomb.
• Truman ordered the bomb dropped on two
Japanese cities.
• Nagasaki
• Hiroshima
World response to the Holocaust
• On Nov. 29, 1947, the United Nations General
Assembly passed a resolution calling for Palestine to be
partitioned between Arabs and Jews, allowing for the
formation of the Jewish state of Israel.
• Since 1917, Palestine had been under the control of
Britain, which supported the creation of a Jewish state
in the holy land.
• Sympathy for the Jewish cause grew during the
genocide of European Jews during the Holocaust. In
1946, the Palestine issue was brought before the newly
created United Nations, which drafted a partition plan.
U.N. Partition Plan
WWII