Transcript Germany invaded Poland

World War II Vocabulary
Stereotype – Put something into a category or group and
labeling it all the same.
Discrimination - Treat unfairly because of their race,
gender, age, nationality.
Ethnocentrism – Thinking that one’s own race or
culture is the best.
Scapegoat – A person getting the blame for other’s
mistakes.
World War II
The Road to World War II
On your own
copy of this
picture, add
labels to explain
what the
cartoonist
suggests Hitler is
doing?
Who are the
other people in
this picture and
what does the
cartoonist think
of them?
Between the Wars
Germany’s Motivation
1. Treaty of Versailles
A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations
B. War Reparations
1) Allies collect $ to pay
back war debts to U.S.
Lloyd
George,
Georges
Clemenceau,
and Woodrow
Wilson
during
negotiations
for the Treaty
2) Germany must pay $57
trillion (modern equivalent)
3) Bankrupted the German
economy & embarrassed
Germans
2. World-wide Depression
A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse
B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders
1) Hitler seemed to provide
solutions to Germany’s
problems
2) Hitler provided scapegoats
for Germany’s problems
(foreigners, Jews, communists,
Gypsies, mentally ill,
homosexuals)
Rise of a New Government
Totalitarian Government = A government controlled by one
person or a group of people without opposition (total control).
Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the
state(political, military, economy, social, cultural)
Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
Strict controls and laws
Military state (secret police, army, military)
Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)
One leader (dictator); charismatic
Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
Terror and Fear
A. Dictator = Person who has seized power and control over the
government and country.
Benito Mussolini (Italy)
Founded the Fascist party = a military-dominated
government controls labor, business, trade (all aspects of
society). He believed in extreme nationalism, limited the
freedom of speech, arrested political opponents, and
restricted voting rights.
“Fascism should rightly be
called Corporatism, as it is
the merger of corporate and
government power.”
Emperor Hirohito (Japan)
Run by a military group - Hideki Tojo. Control country by fear.
Believed to be related to a god. Wanted to create an empire less
reliant on foreign imports.
Adolf Hitler (Germany)
Headed the National Socialist or Nazi Party and created The Third
Reich= The Third Empire. He set industries to rearm Germany
(violated Treaty of Versailles). He outlawed strikes, made
mandatory military service, and prohibited non-Nazis from holding
government positions.
Joseph Stalin (USSR/Russia)
Launched a radical, state-led industrialization drive. He ruthlessly
seized Russian peasant lands for collective farming.
The strains industrialization were great and included massive famine,
creation of forced labor camps, and political purges. It cost the lives
of several million people. Even so, Stalin’s brutal methods produced a
powerful industrial economy.
“Death
is the solution to all
problems. No man , no problem”
Don’t copy!!!!!!!
Have you ever been late to work?
In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times could be
sent to the Gulag for three years.
Have you ever told a joke about a government official?
In the Stalin era, many were sent to the Gulag for up to 25 years for
telling an innocent joke about a Communist Party official.
If your family was starving, would you take a few potatoes left
in a field after harvest?
In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the Gulag for up to ten years
for such petty theft.
Don’t copy!!!!!
Maria Tchebotareva
Trying to feed her four hungry children
during the massive 1932-1933 famine,
the peasant mother allegedly stole three
pounds of rye from her former field—
confiscated by the state as part of
collectivization. Soviet authorities
sentenced her to ten years in the Gulag.
When her sentence expired in 1943, it
was arbitrarily extended until the end of
the war in 1945. After her release, she
was required to live in exile near her
Gulag camp north of the Arctic Circle,
and she was not able to return home until
1956, after the death of Stalin. Maria
Tchebotareva never found her children
after her release.
START OF WAR!!!
Japan
• Japan felt that they had the right to start an overseas empire,
just as European countries such as Britain and France had.
• In 1931,
Japan seized
Manchuria,
China, for its
valuable
coal and
iron.
• The League of Nations failed to help China.
• In 1937, Japan began an all out attack on China, eventually conquering
Korea and French Indo-China as well.
•U.S. sold military to Japan and medical aid to China.
(Made $30 million)
Italy
 Oct. 1935 – Mussolini and Italy cross the Mediterranean Sea
and invade Ethiopia.
1940- Italy invades Egypt.
 Mussolini wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea and
envisioned controlling the Suez Canal, a gateway to India and
Asia.
Germany
Hitler prepared for war and ordered the rearming of
Germany.
Hitler visits a factory and is
enthusiastically greeted. Many
Germans were grateful for jobs after
the misery of he depression years.
War in Europe
· 1936 – German
troops move into
the Rhineland,
bordering France
and Belgium.
· 1938 –
Germany
annexed Austria.
* Both of these
actions violated
the Versailles
Treaty.
March 1936: German troops marched into the
Rhineland
The Rhineland was a
region of Germany that
was ‘demilitarised’ after
the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany was not
allowed to have troops
in the region.
Hitler’s actions showed
how he was willing to
directly challenge the
treaty.
Q: So What Was Hitler Asking For?
A: Return of German Speaking Lands
Nonaggression Pact: Russia allows the invasion of
Poland. Stays out of the war, in return for 1/2 of Poland
Great Britain & France finally declare war on
Germany
Hitler's
triumphal
entry into
Danzig,
Poland
1939
Stalin and Hitler
•1939 - Nazi-Soviet
Non-Aggression
Pact, Hitler and
Stalin agreed not to
attack one another.
• Stalin and Hitler also agreed to divide Poland and Eastern
Europe amongst themselves.
• September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland without
having to fear of a Soviet attack.
* Two days
later, Britain
and France
declared war
on Germany.
Stalin
Hitler
The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural
enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he
meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia
September 1939: Germany invaded Poland
But, the pact allowed
Germany to march into
Poland without fear of an
attack from Russia.
On 3rd September 1939,
Germany invaded Poland
and started a War with
Britain and France.
German troops marching
into Warsaw, the capital
of Poland.
In 1940, Germany used the “blitzkrieg” = lightning war.
Germany conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland,
Belgium, and France.
Britain now stood
alone as the last
remaining enemy of
Hitler’s Germany in
Western Europe.
Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his
successful invasion.
Should the U.S. get involved?
U.S. remained neutral. “Isolationism”= remain by ourselves,
away from European and Asian conflicts.
Appeasement is "the policy of settling international quarrels
by admitting and satisfying grievances through rational
negotiation and compromise, thereby avoiding an armed
conflict which would be expensive, bloody, and possibly
dangerous."
Pro-war
Or
Anti-war?
Axis Power
Germany
Japan
Italy
Allies
United States
Soviet Union
France
Great Britain
Quick Facts (write 2-3)
A. War Costs
1.
US Debt 1940 - $9 billion
US Debt 1945 - $98 billion
The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI
& as much as all previous federal spending since
1776
29
Quick Facts (write 2-3)
B. Human Costs
30
Quick Facts (write 2-3)
B. Human Costs
1.
50 million people died (compared to 15 million
in WWI)
21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST
(6 million Jews + 5 million others)
31
Why?
4. Isolationism of Major Powers
B. This led to policies of “Appeasement”
1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and
hope that they won’t want anything else
2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria,
Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler
...
32
Tasks
Firstly, use the timeline to indicate the order of events on your World
War II maps.
Then answer the following questions:
1) In what ways did Hitler ignore the Treaty of Versailles?
2) At what stage do you think other countries should have attempted to
stop Hitler by using force? Why do you think they did not?
3) How was Hitler able to take over Western Europe so quickly?
4) Why did he create problems for the German army by deciding to
invade Russia?