Transcript World War II

World War II
{ The Allies
Advance
To Victory
End of
1942
The
South
Pacific
• Guadalcanal and the
Solomon Islands (August)
• Japanese were entrenched
• 6 months of fighting
• 1st Japanese-held
territory taken by US
• New Guinea
• Japanese push further
inland
• US and Australian forces
stop them
American War Effort at Home
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Private Citizens
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“Victory Gardens”
Scrap metal drives
Rubber drives
Enlistment increased
African-American opportunities
Women in the workforce
U.S. Government
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War-time manufacturing
Office of Scientific Research and
Development (DDT / Bazooka )
Propaganda
Executive Order 9066
Battle of
Stalingrad
• Summer 1942: Allies start
bombing German factories
• German forces outside Stalingrad
begin a major artillery attack on
the city then moved into the city
where fighting was block to block
• November: Russian forces
counterattack, push the Germans
back, and then encircle then
• January 1943: German forces at
Stalingrad surrender
• New British commanders
• General Sir Harold Alexander
• Lt-General Sir Bernard Law
Montgomery
• October-November: Montgomery
attacks Rommel and forces the
Germans out of Egypt within weeks
• January 1943: Africa Korps forced to
retreat 1400 miles losing 59,000
casualties and hundreds of tanks
Battle of
El
Alamein
Operation
Torch
• Allies open a new battlefront by landing
forces in French North Africa
• US Lt-General Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Vichy French forces change sides to join
the Allies
• Germany occupies the rest of France
1943
C C
In January, 1943, FDR and Churchill
meet in Morocco and decide that nothing
less than Germany’s unconditional
surrender would be acceptable
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North Africa
(1943)
• Rommel faced Montgomery in
southern Tunisia
• Allied forces attacked German
forces in northern Tunisia
• February: Rommel attacks the
Americans at the Kasserine
Pass (it is the 1st major
American loss)
• March: Allies counterattack
• May: Africa Korps surrenders
Europe (1943)
July: With the defeat of the
Germans in North Africa, the
Allies invaded Sicily
September: After Sicily
was conquered, the Allies
invaded Italy
The Pacific
Theater (1943)
•
General MacArthur begins islandhopping in the South Pacific
•
Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
commanded the Central Pacific
• Since FDR’s and Churchill’s meeting in Casablanca
in January 1943, Allied leaders had met three
additional times to discuss the war
• Quebec Conference (August)
• Russia as a full partner
• Charles de Gaulle representing the Free French
• Burma
• Moscow Conference (October)
• Great Britain, USSR, China, and the U.S.
• Nothing less than unconditional surrender
• Austrian freedom and independence
• Tehran Conference (November)
• Possible invasion of western Europe
• General Eisenhower named supreme Allied commander
1944
• Planning Operation Overlord
• Invasion of western Europe
• Mulberries and Higgins boats
• January: Amphibious attack near Rome, Italy
• January: The 2-1/2 year siege on Leningrad ends
The Pacific
Theater (1944)
• March: Island-hopping
north of New Guinea
• March: British stop
Japanese by India
The Invasion
of Normandy
(D-Day)
June 6, 1944
• Land on the beaches of the bay of Siene around 6:30 AM
• British & American airborne forces dropped into France after Midnight
Utah Beach: Americans – cut off Cherbourg
Pointe du Hoc: American Rangers – destroy coastal guns
Omaha Beach: Americans – most heavily defended
Juno Beach: British – some resistance but advanced 8 miles
Gold Beach: Canadian – resistance but advanced 7 miles
Sword Beach: British – little resistance
• June 13: 1st V1 bombs
• June 20: Russia takes
Viborg & defeats Finland
• Mid-July: Breakout in
France by General
George S. Patton
• July 20: Attempt on
Hitler’s life fails
• Late July: Allies take
Florence, Italy
• August 15: Americans
land in south France
• August 25: Paris freed
and Rumania quits
• August 26: Bulgaria quits
• September 4: Allies
capture Antwerp
• Meanwhile …
… in the Pacific
Theater (1944)
• June 15: US takes Saipan (Mariana Islands)
• July 20: US invades Guam
• September to November:
Pele lieu Island and Leyte Gulf
• Allied advances
in Europe
from September
to December
• Hitler makes
plans for a
counteroffensive
• Five (5) plans
are drafted …
Strike from
the north and
recapture
Antwerp
PLAN
1
PLAN
2
Strike through
the Ardennes
Forrest, turn
northwest,
split the Allies
in half, and
recapture
Antwerp
PLAN
3
Two-pronged
attack through
the center of
Luxembourg
and Metz to
meet west of
Longwy
dividing the
Americans
PLAN
4
Two-pronged
attack further
south to meet
near the city
of Nancy
PLAN
5
Strike through
Alsace to meet
in the region
of Vésoul
The Battle of the Ardennes
{ Also known as The Battle of the Bulge
Allied Leadership
General Eisenhower
General Bradley
General Patton
General McAuliffe
General Clarke
Field Marshal Montgomery
Germans Leadership
Adolf Hitler
General
Manteuffel
Field Marshal
von Rundstedt
General
Brandenberger
Field Marshal
Model
Lt.-Colonel
Skorzeny
Colonel-General
Dietrich
Colonel Peiper
German offensive to December 16th – 20th
German offensive to December 21th – 24th
Maximum German advance December 26th
Europe at the end of 1944
1945
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February 4: The Allies discussed zones
of occupation once Hitler is defeated
Erasing
“the
Bulge”
By February 8,
the Allied
battle lines
returned to
where they
were before the
German
offensive
Battle of
Iwo Jima
• February 19 – March 16
• 60,000 US Marines landed
• February 23: Raising of the flag
on Mt. Suribachi
April-May:
Russian
forces
attack
towards
Berlin
April-May:
American,
British,
Canadian,
and French
forces cross
the Rhine R.
heading
towards
Berlin
April 1: Invasion of
Okinawa begins
April 12: FDR dies suddenly and
Harry S. Truman becomes
President
April 28: Mussolini killed
April 29/30: Adolf Hitler
commits suicide
May 7: Germany surrenders
May 8: V-E Day (announced)
• August 6: The Enola Gay dropped
an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
• August 9: A 2nd atomic bomb is
dropped on Nagasaki
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Hiroshima
Hiroshima
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August 14: V-J Day