Transcript Hitler and the Rise of Germany

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1920s- Good times for most countries (U.S.A).
1930s- Worldwide economic depression.
Result- Many people turned to Fascism.
Fascism- political system that stresses nationalism,
dictatorship, and military/economic strength of the
state above individual rights.
Japan-Run by warlike generals who want land.
Italy-Benito Mussolini, first Fascist leader.
Communist Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin
The Third Reich
1933-1945
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New countries such as Italy, Germany, Japan need to
expand empires to gain resources to complete
economically with the United States, Great Britain,
and France.
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Western Democracies try to preserve the peace
and adopt the policy of appeasement.
Appeasement giving in to the demands of the
aggressor in order to keep the peace.)
Result- The Aggressors view peace as an act of
weakness and respond with new acts of
aggression.
1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed an
nonaggression pact which makes things worse.
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Nazi Germany invaded Poland from one side, while the
Soviet Union came from the other.
France and Britain had no time to help.
Then Germany attacked France from the north, and Italy
invaded from the south.
When France fell, only Britain stood against the Axis
powers.
A Nazi bombing campaign against London and other
cities only strengthened British resolve.
Meanwhile, Axis armies also pushed into North Africa and
the Balkans.
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With most of Europe his and Great Britain no threat to
invade. Hitler began to plan for war against the Soviet
Union.
This was a war that Hitler had always wanted.
Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 in the
hopes of gaining its natural resources and putting
down communism.
Hitler’s advance was stalled by the brutal Russian
winter.
Over the next four years, the fighting on the Eastern
Front will be brutal.
Millions of soldiers and civilians will be die.
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The people who lived in lands occupied by the Nazis and the
Japan often suffered brutal treatment.
Hitler’s forces sent Polish and Soviet Slavs to work as slave
laborers. (Many were worked to death).
The Jewish people got the same and worse in Nazi “death
camps.”
The Holocaust- Germany’s plan for Genocide of all the Jews
and other undesirables in Europe.
1939- German Jews/Polish were forced to live in Ghettos.
1941-Many Eastern Jews were murdered by execution squads.
1941- Final Solution to the Jewish Question begins.
1942-1945- Millions of Jews/undesirables die in
death/concentration camps.
The Japanese killed and tortured Asians whom they claimed to
help free from Western colonial rule.
Isolationism-Americans
were bitter about the
human and dollar cost of
WWI.
 Congress is completely
opposed to war/Roosevelt
wants in.
 Lend-lease Act- Gave
Britain supplies on credit
and 50 destroyers. “Cash
and Carry”
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Pearl Harbor (December 7th, 1941)
Japan bitter from embargo of American goods
Japan felt they could not expand without war with the United
States.
Japanese strategy was a “shock and awe” strike at the most
important naval base in our Pacific empire to knock the US out of
the war or delay the US until the war was over.
Adm. Yamamoto led secret Japanese assault.
All 8 battleships sunk/damaged,149 aircraft destroyed, 2,403 dead.
3 aircraft carriers not in Pearl Harbor
US declares war on Japan on December 8, 1941.
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The U.S. and Great Britain directed economic
resources into the war effort and limited the
rights of citizens and freedom of the press.
Japanese Americans and German refugees in
Britain suffered for their heritage.
Women filled many war industry jobs as men
joined the military.
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In 1942 and 1943, the Allies won victories in the
Pacific, North Africa, Italy, the Soviet Union, and
France.
Both Japan and Nazi Germany were put on the
defensive as the U.S. pushed across North Africa
and into Italy and also island-hopped across the
Pacific
Soviet troops began advancing into Eastern
Europe.
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Battle of Stalingrad: USSR
survive siege/win battle.
This changed everything in
Europe. (Hitler’s fault)
USSR now thinks it can win.
Battle Kursk: USSR wins
largest tank battle ever.
Soviet Advance is a sign to
open a 2nd front with
Germany.
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The Allies invaded the coast of Normandy on June
6, 1944, and after a costly battle headed toward
Paris.
The Germans retreated and France was soon free.
An intensive bombing campaign crippled
Germany’s industries and devastated many of its
cities.
Because Churchill and Roosevelt needed Stalin’s
help to win the war, they agreed to many of his
demands regarding the annexation and
determination of lands in Asia and Eastern Europe.
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The war in Europe neared its end by the spring of
1945.
The Axis powers were defeated for several reasons:
1. they could not wage war successfully on several
fronts;
2.Hitler underestimated the Soviet army;
3. the U.S. was able to produce more than the
combined Axis powers;
4.oil became too scarce to feed Luftwaffe planes.
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Unlike 1918, Germany
fought to the end and was
destroyed.
Soviet Union got to capture
Berlin.
Hitler committed suicide on
April 30th 1945.
On May 7th, Germany
officially surrendered.
The war in Europe ended
the next day.
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In the summer of 1942, the U.S. went on the
offensive in the Pacific.
Victory on Guadalcanal started a campaign of
“island-hopping” that would move U.S. bases
closer to Japan.
The Japanese however, continued to resist and the
fighting was brutal.
However, the U.S. continue to make retake islands
and began to heavily bomb Japan.
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While the war in Europe was ending. Japan showed
no signs of surrender.
The Battles of Two Jima and Okinawa proved that
Japan would fight to the death and kill as many as
Americas as possible.
Meanwhile, American scientists had successfully
tested the world’s first atomic bomb.
New U.S. President Truman decided to use an
atomic bomb to save American lives.
Two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki, and the Japanese surrendered.
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After the war, people around the world came to
realize the full extent of the Holocaust.
The Allies put many Axis leaders on trial for “crimes
against humanity.”
Western Allies also built new governments in
Germany and Japan that would give more power to
the people.
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The United Nations was established after the war
to help keep peace among nations.
The Security Council has the power to apply
sanctions or send peace-keepers to try to resolve
disputes.
The UN has also worked to improve health and
offer relief aid around the world.
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After the war, the Soviets wanted to determine the
fate of the Eastern European lands that it
occupied.
Stalin wanted communist governments installed in
these countries as a protection against Germany.
The U.S. and Britain were against the idea and
wanted free elections in Eastern Europe.
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President Truman outlined a policy of resisting Soviet
expansion around the world, which was called the
Truman Doctrine.
To help keep communism from taking hold in Western
Europe, the U.S. sent billions of dollars in aid under the
Marshall Plan.
The Allies moved to strengthen the West German
economy,
While the Soviets dismantled much of East Germany’s
industry.
Tensions grew over the split within Germany, and
distrust fueled the establishment of two alliances:
NATO and the Warsaw Pact