Transcript Lesson PowerPoint

Did German People Benefit
from Nazi Rule?
L/O – To assess the successes and failures of
Hitler’s economic policies
STARTER:
Can did
you name
the 7 benefit
leading
To
what extent
Germans
Nazi
figures?
fact1930s?
about each
from
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in the
Pictured from left to right are Joseph Goebbels, Robert
Ley, Heinrich Himmler, Victor Lutze, Rudolf Hess, Adolf
Hitler and Julius Streicher. (June 9, 1938)
Problems facing Hitler in 1933
• When Hitler became Chancellor
in Jan 1933, he had promised
the German people he would
solve the economy.
• Unemployment was the main
problem – 6 million in 1933!
• How Hitler solved this problem
is what we will be investigating
today.
The Fall in Unemployment
• The number of unemployed
people in Germany fell sharply
after 1933.
• 6 million were unemployed in
1933; by 1934 this was 3.8
million and in 1939, 0.3 million.
• Solving unemployment was the
Nazi’s only election promise.
Therefore this was a huge
success.
The Fall in Unemployment
The German Labour Front (DAF)
Within months of taking power, Hitler decided to abolish all trade
unions. In their place he set up the German Labour Front (DAF) run by
Dr Robert Ley. Its rules included:
• Bosses could no longer sack workers on the spot
• Workers could not leave a job without the government’s
permission
• Only government-run labour exchanges could arrange new jobs
• Workers could no longer bargain for higher wages
• Strikes were made illegal
• DAF had the power to punish workers
• Limitations on the hours a person could work were abolished. Many
Germans were working 60–72 hours a week by 1939.
Do you think that the German Labour Front would
have been popular with the workers?
Strength through Joy (KDF)
• The KDF was designed to provide affordable
leisure activities to workers, keep workers
busy and happy and promote the German
tourism industry.
• In 1934, over 2 million Germans participated
in KDF trips, by 1939 this reached 25 million.
Activities included cruises, plays, concerts,
day trips and holidays.
• The KDF even set-up production of an
affordable car for workers called the ‘KDFWagen’ which later became the Volkswagen
Beetle!
“The worker sees that
we are serious about
raising his social
position. He sees that it
is not the so-called
‘educated classes’
whom we send out as
representatives of the
new German, but
himself, the German
worker, whom we show
to the world.” Robert Ley
The National Labour Service (RAD)
Hitler’s first measure to tackle unemployment was the setting
up of the National Labour Service (RAD). Men aged 18-25 had
to spend 6 months in the service.
This organization gave men jobs in public works
schemes, for example, building schools, hospitals
and motorways (autobahns) and digging drainage
ditches.
Men in the RAD had to wear a uniform and live in work camps.
Their wages were really only pocket money, but for many this was
an improvement on a life with no work. At least they got free
meals.
Unemployment – Limits of Success
The unemployment figures for Nazi Germany look very impressive, but
they don’t tell the whole story:
• From 1933, women were no longer included in
unemployment figures.
• Once the Nazis came to power, most Jews were sacked;
their jobs were given to other Germans. From 1935, Jews
could no longer hold German citizenship and were removed
from the unemployment register.
• The unemployed were obliged to take any job offered or
else be classed as ‘work-shy’ and imprisoned.
• Conscription removed over a million young men from the
employment market.
Rearmament – The Four Year Plan
Rearmament was very important to Hitler – he was determined to
‘make Germany ready for war again’. He wanted to conquer Eastern
Europe to make Germany self-sufficient (Autarky) in food and raw
materials. This was called ‘Lebensraum’ or living-space.
However, rearmament was forbidden under the Treaty of
Versailles, so Hitler had to conceal his actions from the Allies.
Because spending had to be
concealed, a lot was hidden in a work
creation programme – building new
runways, barracks and motorways
(‘autobahns’). This only provided a
few, often highly-skilled, jobs.
Results of the Four-Year Plan
Government
spending on
Rearmament
increased:
1933 – 3.5 billion
marks
1939 – 26 billion
marks
Production of
Plastic increased by
460% in the 1930s.
Production of
Iron and Steel
trebled from
1933-1939
Synthetic
alternatives to oil
and rubber were
developed in an
attempt to limit the
impact of a potential
naval blockade.
The German Army grew in size:
1933 – 100,000
1936 – 500,000
1939 – 900,000
Effects of Nazi Economic Policies
Political - Banning unions and reducing unemployment
reduced political opposition to the Nazis.
Social - Protecting workers’ rights and reducing
unemployment helped all ordinary Germans and families.
Economic - Unemployment fell from 6 million in 1933 to
0.3 million in 1939, reducing benefit payments for Gov.
Military - Germany had rearmed and was ready for war by
1939.
Failures – Rearmament was expensive, Gov. debt, Employment had
only been achieved by removing women and Jews and by expanding
army, SS and SA.
Question B – Choose either The National
Labour Service or Rearmament.
Describe one effect on unemployment of
the Nazi policy you have chosen. (4 marks)
1. Focus on the question. It is about one effect. Begin
with, ‘One effect was…’ Don’t just tell the story!
2. Give the effect and describe it. Using the word because
helps you to give a developed description.
3. One developed paragraph is enough for 4/4.
Simple or generalised statements
of consequence
• i.e.
• ‘One effect of the rearmament of Germany was
that it reduced unemployment.’
• ‘Also army got bigger.’
• Etc…
Developed Statements of
Consequence
• i.e.
• ‘One effect of the rearmament of Germany was
that it reduced unemployment from 6 million in
1933 to 0.3 million in 1939. This was because... By
increasing the size of the army from 100,000 to
900,000 and by introducing conscription, Hitler
removed nearly a million people from the
unemployment statistics. This led to a huge
reduction in unemployment.’
Question C – Why were the Nazis able to
reduce unemployment in the years
1933-1939? Explain your answer.
(8 marks).
First Reason
Give the reason. Fully explain it.
Link
Make a link with the 2nd reason.
Second Reason
Give the reason. Fully explain it.
Conclusion
Sum up the two reasons, stressing the
links between them.