Transcript COS Standard 9

Describe the significance of major battles, events,
and consequences of World War II campaigns,
including North Africa, Midway, Normandy,
Okinawa, the Battle of the Bulge, Iwo Jima, and
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences.
Chapter 24 and 25
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United States
Britain
France
Soviet Union
China
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Germany
Italy
Japan
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Roosevelt’s goal is to help Britain and defeat
the Axis powers.
Roosevelt restricts materials to other countries.
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Japan gets mad and signs an alliance with the Axis.
July 1941: Roosevelt send Douglas MacArthur
to the Philippines to build up defenses.
Japan decides to attack British and Dutch
colonies in Southeast Asia, seize the
Philippines and attack Pearl Harbor.
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December 7, 1941
Japan attacks Americans naval base in Hawaii
Sinks and damages 21 ships.
Kills 2403 Americans
December 8, 1941: America declares war on
Japan
December 11, 1941: Germany and Italy declare
war on US.
“A date which will live in infamy.”
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Chester Nimitz: commander
of the US Navy in the Pacific
Douglas MacArthur takes his
badly outnumbered troops
and retreat to the Bataan
Peninsula.
Roosevelt orders the troops to
retreat to Australia.
The Allied defenders will
surrender at Bataan
Peninsula.
Thousands die on the Bataan
Death March to a Japanese
prison camp.
Douglas MacArthur
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Japan wants to attack the Midway Islands, last
American base in the North Pacific west of
Hawaii.
Lure American destroyers into battle and cut
their supply lines to Australia.
Failed: US had a team of code breakers who
broke the Japanese code.
Turning point in the Pacific: stopped the
Japanese advance into the Pacific.
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Dwight Eisenhower is the commander of the
troops in North Africa.
George Patton led the American forces in
Morocco and captured the city of Casablanca.
Battle of Kasserine Pass: 1st time Americans
come in contact with Germans
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Outnumbered, outmaneuvered; huge loses for
America.
Patton is put in command and pushes the Germans
back.
May 13, 1943, German forces in North Africa
surrendered.
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Hitler wants to take the Soviets out of the war
by hurting their economy.
Capture oil fields, industries and farmlands vital to
the Soviet Union.
 Germans tried to capture Stalingrad. Soviets held
their ground. Germans were surrounded and
surrendered.
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Turning point in Europe: it put the Germans
on the defensive.
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Eisenhower is the overall commander.
Patton and Montgomery is in charge of the
troops on the ground.
Germans evacuate Sicily by August 18.
Mussolini is arrested by the king of Italy.
September 8, 1943 Italy surrendered.
Hitler send Germans to seize control of Italy
and put Mussolini back in power.
German retreat in May 1944.
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Nicknamed: Operation Overlord, D-Day
Planned invasion of France
Eisenhower is commander
Allies have the element of surprise
June 6, 1944
Over 100,000 soldiers sailed to the coast of
France. 23,000 paratroopers were dropped
inland.
Stormed the beaches called Utah, Omaha,
Gold, Sword, and Juno
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Utah Beach: easy, 3 hours and overtook the
beach and moved inland, Germans were weak
Omaha Beach: hard, intense German fire, over
time Americans break through the German
defenses.
Invasion: successful
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Plan to defeat Japan: 2 pronged attack:
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Island hopping
Invasion to retake Philippines
Island Hopping began in fall of 1943 in Central
Pacific with Admiral Nimitz
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Tarawa Atoll: difficult trip, amptrac
Kwajalein Atoll: smoother, Marine captured island.
Mariana Islands: captured by Americans by August
1944
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MacArthur invaded the Guadalcanal in August
1942.
By 1944, the American troops had captured
enough land to surround Rabaul (main
Japanese base in the region.)
Japan removed most of the troops from Rabaul.
MacArthur ordered his troops 600 miles past
Rabaul and captured a base called Hollandia.
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MacArthur heads
towards the Philippines.
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Battle of Leyte Gulf:
kamikazes used for the 1st
time, American destroyers
left to defend another area,
Japanese take advantage of
this and attack. The
Japanese believed the
Americans would return
soon and retreated.
Winning the Philippines
back took a long time
and was hard work.
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March 1945, MacArthur
finally captures Manila.
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After the Allied troops invaded Normandy,
they moved inward.
The Allies liberated Paris on August 25.
Three weeks later, the Allies were 20 miles
from the German border.
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Hitler attempts one last time at cutting the
Allied supply lines through Antwerp, Belguim.
On December 16, 1944, the Battle of the Bulge
catch the American troops off guard.
Still, the Americans won. The Germans
withdrew.
The battle gets its name for the way the
German lines bulged outward as they moved
west.
The Americans cross the Rhine River and enter
Germany.
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Hitler kills himself.
Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz takes over. He
tried to surrender to America and Britain, but
still tried to fight the Soviet Union.
Finally, he surrenders on May 7, 1945
May 8, 1945 V-E Day, Victory in Europe Day.
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America attempts to bomb Japan, but miss
their target.
They try to move closer to actually hit their
target: Iwo Jima.
February 19, 1945 Americans land in Iwo Jima.
6,800 died before the island was captured.
In the Mariana Islands, Curtis LeMay changed
the strategy of dropping napalm bombs.
America firebombed 6 major Japanese cities.
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Japan refuses to surrender.
Americans invade Okinawa to prepare for a
fight.
On April 1, 1945, American troops land in
Okinawa.
By June 22, American troops captured
Okinawa. (12,000 people die)
America decides to drop the atomic bomb on
Japan to get them to surrender. (Manhattan
Project)
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Nickname of the
project to drop the
atomic bomb
Enola Gay
The atomic bomb is
dropped on
Hiroshima (August 6)
and Nagasaki (August
9).
By August 15, 1945,
Japan surrendered.
World War II is over.