Transcript WWII_2016_RESOURCES21_29Bench2x

Biographers!
Yalta – “The Big 3” (F.Y.I. Bio’s)
Churchill Roosevelt
Stalin
Yalta Conference Feb., 1945
► Took
place February, 1945 before WWII was over (in
the Crimea region of the Ukraine)
► Roosevelt,
Stalin and Churchill met in Yalta in the
Soviet Union to discuss post WWII
► Continued
to set up plan for United Nations
The end of MUSSOLINI: The Germans retreat from northern
Italy in April, ’45. Italian resistance fighters ambush German
trucks and find Mussolini disguised as a German soldier.
Mussolini is shot and his body was hanged in the Milan town
square.
Hanging of Mussolini in Milan Square
Why did the Italians do it?
He had abolished democracy, outlawed all political parties except the
Fascists. His secret police had jailed all opponents. He censored radio
stations and publications. He outlawed strikes and controlled the
economy by allying his party with industrialists and large land owners.
April 12, 1945
► At
the beginning of
his 4th Term,
President Franklin
D. Roosevelt dies
► The U.S. went
through a major
grieving period
► Harry S. Truman, as
Vice-President, takes
the role as President
Race to Berlin
V.E. Day – VICTORY
IN EUROPE!
• Allies coming from West,
South and North
• Soviets coming for the
East
• Germany surrenders May
7, 1945
Berlin ruins TODAY
The end of Hitler - Biographies
► April
30, 1945 Hitler
and Eva Braun commit
suicide (gun shot and
cyanide)
► Bodies burned in street
► Cover
of Time
magazine May 7, 1945
► History.com
video
Japan (August 20, 1945)This was
the first cover after nuclear
weapons were dropped on
Hiroshima (Aug. 5) and Nagasaki
(Aug. 9).
Osama bin Laden
May 20, 2011
Saddam Hussein
4-21-2003
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Zarqawi was called the "mastermind"
9-13-2006
of the insurgency in Iraq.
• Japanese nearly
destroyed the U.S.
Pacific fleet – air
craft carriers were
out to sea
• sunk or damaged
18 ships, including
8 battleships
• 2,400 Americans
killed & more than
1,000 wounded
• Congress declares
war on Japan the
next day
Results of the Attack
ON PEARL HARBOR
Bombing of Tokyo- April, ‘42
• Made an important
psychological point:
proved the Japanese
could be attacked
• Raised American morale
• Shook the confidence of
some Japanese – also
Japan’s vast empire was
becoming difficult to
defend and control
#21 The Pacific War Begins
I: Battle of the Coral Sea – May, ‘42
• Both fleets fought using a new kind of naval warfare –air attacks! Opposing
ships didn’t fire a shot
• Airplanes taking off from huge aircraft carriers did all the fighting –
– battle was a draw although the Allies lost more ships than the Japanese
– who claimed victory
Allies had stopped Japan’s southward expansion for the first time
#22 The Allies Stop Japanese Expansion
W: Battle of Midway June, ‘42
• American pilots destroyed
332 Japanese planes, all
4 aircraft carriers, and
one support ship
• Admiral Yamamoto
ordered his crippled fleet
to withdraw
#22 The Allies Stop Japanese Expansion
W: Battle of Midway June, ‘42
• The Battle of
Midway
turned the
tide of war
in the Pacific
vs. the
Japanese
Turning Points during WWII!
• Battle of El Alamein – North Africa
• Battle of Stalingrad – Europe - USSR
• D Day Invasion – Europe - France
• Battle of Midway – Asia/Pacific War
#23 The Allies Turn the Tide
D: On The Offensive…Allies use leapfrogging”
strategy!
“Island Hopping” – hop
Island to Island past
Japanese strong points;
brutal fighting
– seized islands not well
defended but were closer to
Japan; used air power to cut
supply lines and starve enemy
Gen. Douglas MacArthur – commander of
the Allied land forces in the Pacific
troops
#23 Map D: Island Hopping Strategy
Aug., 1942 – Feb., 1943
• Battle of Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands)
• Result: Battle for control of the island turned into a
savage struggle as both sides poured in fresh troops –
6 mths later the Japanese abandoned the island they
came to call “the Island of Death” (lost 23,000 of
36,000 men)
#24 The Allies Push Toward Japan
L: New Strategy in Action!
• August, 1944 Marines retake the
Mariana Islands- bases for bombing
raids on Japan
• October, 1944 U.S. Marines return to
regain the Philippines from Japan.
#24 The Allies Push Toward Japan
L: Battles of Iwo Jima & Okinawa
►From
Feb, 1945 – June, 1945
Allies capture islands of Iwo Jima and
Okinawa (Japanese lost 110,000 troops –
Amer’s 12,500)
• U.S. forces ready for final invasion of
Japan! (310 miles away)
The Battle of Iwo
Jima,
Feb –March, 1945
The American flag planted in
Okinawa, April - June, 1945
video
#25 Developing the 1st Nuclear Weapon
Image V (1942)
• After Einstein sent a letter
was sent to the President
re: nuclear weaponry – The
Manhattan Project was
started (1942).
• Physicist J. Robert
Oppenheimer directed the
Los Alamos laboratory in New
Mexico to develop an atomic
weapon.
• By 1945, the top-secret team
of scientists had developed the
atomic bomb!
#26 U.S. Decides to Drop the Bomb
Letter J
• Invading Japan would cost 500,0001,000,000 US lives
• U.S. President Harry Truman decides to drop
the atomic bomb – July-Aug, 1945
#27 Two A-bombs End the War in the Pacific
Letter A:
– August 6, 1945 – Hiroshima – “Little Boy”
– August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki – “Fat Man”
– Nearly 100,000 die in those 2 attacks alone
• September 2, 1945 Mac Arthur accepts
Japanese surrender – Victory over Japan
Day - V-J DAY!!!
• De-militarization and US occupation of Japan
begins
After showing that U.S. troops could
attack and defeat Japanese forces at
the Battles of Leyte Gulf (in
Philippines), Iwo Jima, and Okinawa,
why did Pres. Truman make the
decision to drop the atomic bomb?
Dropping of the atomic bombs
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Explosion of test bomb
in the Pacific
V-J Day
• August 15, 1945: Japan
offers unconditional
surrender
• September 2, 1945: V-J
Day = Victory in Japan
Day (Formal surrender)
Pic R #28 THE COST OF WORLD WAR 2
1939-1945
As many as 60 million dead (½ of them
civilians)
USSR had highest losses
(20 million or more soldiers/civilians
lost)
Poland – 6 million deaths (mostly
civilians)
Japan – 2 million dead
Germany – 4 million dead
Money paid by governments to fight the
war totaled more than 1 trillion dollars
Japan – Post War
29. Pic CC U.S. Occupation of Japan – Sept., 1945 – ‘51
► U.S.
occupied Japan for 6 years under the
direction of General Douglas MacArthur
 Called for a New Constitution (w/ free elections and
women’s suffrage/vote)
 Introduced a free market economy
US Occupation cont’d
► Japanese
emperor had been seen
as a God
► Had to declare he wasn’t a God
► Became a constitutional monarch
► Japan was not sovereign
(independent) until 1951
War Crimes:
THE NUREMBERG TRIALS
In 1946, an
International Military
Tribunal representing
23 countries put Nazi
war criminals on trial
for “crimes against
humanity”.
12 of the 22
defendants were
sentenced to death.
The main target of the prosecution was Hermann Göring (at the left edge
on the first row of benches), considered to be the most important surviving
official in the Third Reich after Hitler's death. He committed
suicide the night before his execution.
Nuremberg Trials
A.
B.
C.
Trials held after World War II to hold all
leaders of the Axis Powers accountable
for their crimes during the war.
Trials held after World War II to hold
certain Japanese leaders accountable for
crimes during the war.
Trials held after World War II to hold
certain German leaders accountable for
crimes during the war.
THE NUREMBERG TRIALS: What lesson can be learned?
Goering after
his suicide.
Japanese Treatment of POW’s & Natives of
conquered lands
► Native
peoples were
often treated with the
same brutality as the
150,000 prisoners of war
(Bataan Death March)
► After the war, in
Oct.,1946, a court in
Tokyo put 28 Japanese
war criminals on trial. 16
received life sentences, &
7 were executed.
28 leaders were found
guilty of Class A crimes and
7 were sentenced to death
(including prime minister
Tojo)
More than 5,700 Japanese
nationals were charged
with Class B and C crimes,
mostly entailing prisoner
abuse.
Class A Crime: those who participated in a
joint conspiracy to start and wage war
War Crimes
A.
B.
C.
Violation of Christian principles
related to waging war.
Violation of internationally
accepted practices related to
waging war.
Violation of regulations of waging
war established at the end of
World War I.
The BIG Questions
• Was Truman right in his
decision to drop the
bomb?
• What other choices did he
have?
• What consequences did
this decision have for the
world?