Transcript File - Yip the Great

The Armenian Genocide
The First Genocide
The Forgotten Genocide
- more than 2 million
Armenians part of
Ottoman Empire at
onset of genocide
- thriving community –
generally well-educated
and middle class
- mostly Christian
- Ottoman Empire was decaying crumbling empire 
“Sick Man of Europe”
The Armenian Genocide
- Ottomans lacked technology &
modern ideas in early 1900s
- population mostly uneducated
and peasants
- 1896, Sultan begins to oppress
Armenians for their call for
reforms  100,000 killed
- Young Turks seize power in 1913 w/ hopes for reforms
- Guarantee basic rights through constitution
- Nationalism  strong, united Turkish empire
- one religion  Islam
PROMISE DID NOT INCLUDE ARMENIANS
The Armenian Genocide
- Young Turks glorified the
virtues of simple Turkish
peasantry at the expense of the
Armenians in order to capture
peasant loyalty
- exploited the religious,
cultural, economic and
political differences between
Turks and Armenians so that
the average Turk came to
regard Armenians as strangers
among them
The Armenian Genocide
- Armed round-ups begin
April 24, 1915
- mass killing and
deportation follow
- property taken by local
Turks
- Ambassador Henry
Morgenthau reported to
Washington, “When the
Turkish authorities gave the
orders for these
deportations, they were
merely giving the death
warrant to a whole race..."
The Armenian Genocide
- estimated 1,500,000 killed
- oppression and murder of
Armenians in Turkey continues until
1923 - destruction of the Armenian
communities in this part of the world
was total
International Response - May 1915, Great Britain,
France, and Russia advised the Young Turk leaders they
would be held personally responsible for crimes against
humanity
- post-war demands that the Ottoman government
prosecute the Young Turks accused of wartime crimes
International Response
- relief efforts were also mounted to save “the starving
Armenians” – US sent $75,000 (~ $2,500,000 in today’s
money)
- American, British, and German governments
sponsored the preparation of reports on the atrocities
and numerous accounts were published (NY Times)
- despite moral outrage of the international
community, no strong actions were taken against
Ottoman Empire
- no steps taken to require the postwar Turkish
government to make restitution to the Armenian
people for their immense material and human
losses or prosecute those responsible
Armenians being marched out of Harput, Red Cross
Armenians from Kesaria in front of jail one hour
before all were killed
Turkish hangmen and their victims in Aleppo,
1915
Photographed by a German Officer in
Turkey
The Holocaust
1933-1945
- January 1933, Adolf Hitler came to power in
Germany
- Hitler had repeatedly blamed the Jews for Germany's
defeat in World War I and subsequent economic
hardships
- put forward racial theories asserting that Germans
with fair skin, blond hair and blue eyes were the
supreme form of human, or master race
- Jews were the racial opposite – actively engaged in an
international conspiracy to keep this master race from
assuming its rightful position as rulers of the world.
Who Said the Following?
Therefore be on your guard against the Jews, knowing that
wherever they have their synagogues, nothing is found but a
den of devils in which sheer selfglory, conceit, lies,
blasphemy, and defaming of God and men are practiced
most maliciously and veheming his eyes on them.
Moreover, they are nothing but thieves and robbers who
daily eat no morsel and wear no thread of clothing which
they have not stolen and pilfered from us by means of their
accursed usury. Thus they live from day to day, together
with wife and child, by theft and robbery, as archthieves and
robbers, in the most impenitent security.
If I had to refute all the other articles of the Jewish faith, I
should be obliged to write against them as much and for as
long a time as they have used for inventing their lies that is,
longer than two thousand years.
Did I not tell you earlier that a Jew is such a noble,
precious jewel that God and all the angels dance when he
farts?
…one should toss out these lazy rogues by the seat of their
pants.
...but then eject them forever from this country.
For, as we have heard, God’s anger with them is so intense
that gentle mercy will only tend to make them worse and
worse, while sharp mercy will reform them but little.
Therefore, in any case, away with them.
Over and above that we let them get rich on our sweat
and blood, while we remain poor and they suck the
marrow from our bones.
However, we must avoid confirming them in their wanton
lying, slandering, cursing, and defaming. Nor dare we
make ourselves partners in their devilish ranting and
raving by shielding and protecting them, by giving them
food, drink, and shelter, or by other neighborly deed.
Martin Luther, 1543 from The Jews and
Their Lies
When the question relative to the sacred festival of Easter arose, it was
universally thought that it would be convenient that all should keep the feast
on one day… It was declared to be particularly unworthy for this, the holiest
of all festivals, to follow the custom of the Jews, who had soiled their hands with
the most fearful of crimes, and whose minds were blinded. In rejecting their
custom, we may transmit to our descendants the legitimate mode of celebrating
Easter, which we have observed from the time of the Savior’s Passion to the
present day. We ought not, therefore, to have anything in common with the
Jews, for the Savior has shown us another way; our worship follows a more
legitimate and more convenient course; and consequently, in unanimously
adopting this mode, we desire, dearest brethren, to separate ourselves from the
detestable company of the Jews, for it is truly shameful for us to hear them
boast that without their direction we could not keep this feast. How can they be
in the right, they who, after the death of the Savior, have no longer been led by
reason but by wild violence, as their delusion may urge them? We could not
imitate those who are openly in error. But even if this were not so, it would still
be your duty not to tarnish your soul by communications with such wicked people
[the Jews].
Constantine I at the Council of Nicaea, 325
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
- Jews comprise
approximately 1% of
Germany’s 55 million prewar population
- Nuremberg Laws of 1935
– strips Jews of German
citizenship & forbids
intermarriage
- removed from schools,
banned from the
professions, excluded from
military service
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
- November 9 – 10 Kristallnacht (The
Night of Broken Glass) – after
Parisian Jew shot & killed a German
embassy worker in Paris, Joseph
Goebbels begin campaign against all
Jews in Germany – whips up
hysteria against Jews
- 90 Jews killed nationwide, 500
synagogues burned to ground, and
most Jewish shops vandalized
- begin mass deportation to
concentration camps
- made Jews pay for damage!
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
Do not try to write this entire quote from Adolf Hitler on the eve of WWII
“In the course of my life I have very often been a prophet, and
have usually been ridiculed for it. During the time of my
struggle for power it was in the first instance only the Jewish
race that received my prophecies with laughter when I said
that I would one day take over the leadership of the State, and
with it that of the whole nation, and that I would then among
other things settle the Jewish problem. Their laughter was
uproarious, but I think that for some time now they have been
laughing on the other side of their face. Today I will once more
be a prophet: if the international Jewish financiers in and
outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once
more into a world war, then the result will not be the
Bolshevizing of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but
the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!”
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
WWII begins on Sept. 1, 1939 with
German invasion of Poland
- Poland overrun quickly and
Jewish populations were forced to
live in squalid conditions of the
ghettos
- concentration camps for
extermination and slave labor
quickly built in Poland – overseen
by Henirich Himmler, leader of
special unit known as the SS
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
- 1941 – invasion of Soviet Union – turning point of war
- turn on Russian Jews – 33,000 Jews in the Ukraine were
shot in ravine near Kiev during two days in Sept., 1941
- construction of gas chambers at Auschwitz & Birkenau
for “Final Solution”
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
- June-July, 1942 - New York Times reported over
1,000,000 Jews had already been shot
- December 1942 - British Foreign Secretary Anthony
Eden declared the Nazis were “now carrying into
effect Hitler's oft-repeated intention to exterminate the
Jewish people of Europe”
- 1943 – Americans Jews hold rally at Madison Square
Garden to pressure US government to stop the
extermination
- Bermuda Conference held by US and Britain – little
results
- World response – condemnation but little change
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
- Some resistance
- Warsaw ghetto – 750 Jews against 2000 heavily
armed SS troops
- burned ghetto after heavy fighting
- “The Jews stayed in the burning buildings until
because of the fear of being burned alive they
jumped down from the upper stories. With their
bones broken, they still tried to crawl across the
street into buildings which had not yet been set on
fire. Despite the danger of being burned alive the
Jews and bandits often preferred to return into the
flames rather than risk being caught by us.”
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
- Rebellion at Treblinka and other
camps
- little aid from non-Jews
- notable exceptions – Denmark
saved its 7000 population of Jews
by shipping them to safety
- Oskar Schindler
- saved 1200 Jews by
transferring them from camp
to his hometown
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
- as Allies closed in on Germany,
Himmler orders quickening pace of
killings and dismantling of gas
chambers
- first camp liberated by Soviets in
Jul, 1944 at Madjanek in eastern
Poland
- Auschwitz liberated Jan, 1945
- Apr., 1945 Hitler commits suicide
Final Count
est. 4,000,000 Jews gassed at camps
est. 2,000,000 Jews killed outside of
camps
Photostory
The Holocaust
Key Events & Ideas
Nuremberg
-October 1, 1946, the defendants received the verdicts of
the tribunal
- 18 defendants were convicted on one or more counts
and three were found not guilty
- 11 were sentenced to death by hanging
- 3 were acquitted, and others were given prison
sentences of 10 to 15 years, or life imprisonment
- 10 were hanged in November 1946 – Hermann
Goering committed suicide just hours before his
scheduled execution
“A thousand years will pass and the guilt of the
Germany will not be erased.” – Hans Frank, before
execution
Cambodian Genocide
1975-79
- genesis of Cambodian Genocide
tied to Vietnam War
- Viet Cong (Vietnam Communist)
used bases and supply routes
through Cambodian
- US bombing in Cambodia
forced peasants to flee to
Phnom Penh, the Capital
- also destabilize gov’t
Cambodian Genocide
1975-79
- Pol Pot – leader of revolutionary Communist party
in Cambodia – Khmer Rouge
- formed alliance with Prince Norodom Sihanouk in
1970 after Prince was overthrown by US-led coup
- Pol Pot gains popularity
because of hatred towards
US bombing
- with US-installed gov’t
mired in corruption &
incompetence, Pol Pot is
able to seize control in
Apr., 1975 with a young
peasant army
Cambodian Genocide
1975-79
- Pol Pot attempts to institute
cultural reform modeled after Mao
Zedong’s Great Leap Forward in
China
- purification based on ridding
society of capitalism, western
culture, city life, religion, and all
foreign influences
- foreigners were thus expelled, embassies closed, and
any foreign economic or medical assistance was refused
- newspapers and television stations were shut down,
radios confiscated, and mail and telephone usage
curtailed
Cambodian Genocide
1975-79
- Cambodia was sealed off from
the outside world
- cities evacuated to promote
peasant revolution
- millions forced to work as
slaves in “killing fields”
- “old society” - the educated,
the wealthy, Buddhist monks,
police, doctors, lawyers,
teachers, and former
government officials purged
Cambodian Genocide
1975-79
- ex-soldiers were killed along
with family
- anyone suspected of
disloyalty to Pol Pot,
including eventually many
Khmer Rouge leaders, was
killed
- meetings of 2 or more illegal
- children taken from parents
- collective marriages
- thousands imprisoned,
tortured, & executed
Cambodian Genocide
1975-79
- Dec., 1978 Vietnam invades Cambodia to stop attacks
in Vietnam
- Phnom Penh falls in Jan., 1979
- Pol Pot deposed and flees to Thailand to run guerilla
campaign against new gov’t
- Genocide ends
- est. 2,000,000 killed – including 450,000 minorities
(Chinese, Vietnamese, Muslims, etc.)
- International response – little/none
Pol Pot dies of heart attack in 1998 following his arrest
- never tried by international tribunal for his crimes
“I had no choice. My family was
threatened and I would have been
killed myself. What could I do?
They would have killed me and
someone else would have done it.”
Would a person using this statement have
anything in common with Bradley Smith,
David Irving, Nabi Sensoy, et. al.? Why or why
not?
- conflict among 3 main
ethnic groups, the Serbs,
Croats, and Muslims
- resulted in genocide
committed by the Serbs
against Muslims in
Bosnia
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
- Break-up of Yugoslavia after
death of Josef Tito
- lack of leader to hold together
fragile confederation
- Serbian leader – Slobodan
Milosevic
- uses nationalism & ethnic &
religious hatred to gain power
- Claims Orthodox Christians
mistreated by Muslim Albanians in
Kosovo
- excuse to dominate region
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
-Croatia & Slovenia declare
independence in 1991
- Milosevic – limited interest
in Slovenia but begins war
to control Croatia
- Croatia has past Nazi ties
- invade
Croatia in July, 1991 claiming to protect
minority Serbs
- 86 consecutive days and reduced Vukovar to rubble
- 1st
mass execution -> thousands of Croats killed &
buried in mass graves
Bosnian Genocide
- no US response, other than
1992-95
recognition of Croatian independence
- UN imposes arms embargo
- no real effects on Milosvic (died
awaiting verdict on human rights
violations)
- conflict ends Dec., 1991 - Bosnia declares independence
in March, 1992 – US & most of
Europe recognizes independence
- Serbia invades Bosnia and
attacks Sarajevo
- Serb snipers kill 3500 people,
incl. many children
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
- Bosnian Muslims outgunned
- forced to flee homes
- rape used as weapon of terror
- mass shootings
- makeshift concentration camps
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
Radovan Karadzic named President of
“Bosnian Serb Republic”
- carries out genocide with immunity
- no world response 1992-94
- Feb., 1994 – Serbian shell explodes in
marketplace in Sarajevo killing 68 &
wounding 200 civilians  outrages world
- UN declares cities
as safe havens –
ignored by Serbians
- Bill Clinton
demands cessation
of hostilities thru
NATO
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
- Human shields
- worst mass slaughter in Europe
since Holocaust & continuing
mass rape - Srebrenica
- General Ratko Mladic
- NATO begins bombing of
Serb positions in Aug., 1995
in response to Srebenica
- organized Bosnian
Muslim-Croat army puts
Serbs on the run
Bosnian Genocide
1992-95
- Nov., 1995 Serbs begin
negotiating peace treaty
- Dayton Accords reached in
Dec., 1995 ending conflict
- International force (NATO)
oversees compliance
- Bosnian independence
recognized
- war criminals charged
- 200,000 Muslims murdered
in Bosnia, 20,000 missing,
and 1,000,000 displaced
- “the greatest failure of
the West since the 1930s”
- Milosevic died while on
trial at the Hague in 2006
- Mladic captured 2011
- Karadzic is currently on
trial at the Hague
Rwandan Genocide 1994
- Hutu  largest
population in central
Africa
- Tutsi  minority
population but
historically in control
- Hutu-Tutsi tensions
in Burundi from 1970s
cause tensions in
Rwanda
- Fragile peace overseen by UN force of 2500 Peacekeepers
(UNAMIR) in 1993
Rwandan Genocide 1994
- Burundi President
Cyprien Ntaryamira
and Rwanda
President Juvénal
Habyarimana
assassinated together
on Apr. 6, 1994
- Hutu extremists begin extermination of Hutu moderates
and Tutsis – in next 4 months 800,000 killed with as many
as 10,000 per day
- after 10 Belgium peacekeepers were captured, tortured,
and killed by Hutus, US & UN withdraws forces
Rwandan Genocide 1994
- Hutus use clubs, machetes, guns
to carry out murder
- national ID cards identifying
ethnicity facilitate killings
- propaganda campaigns further
inflames passions
- professionals join in the
killings
- Hutus forced to kill Tutsi
neighbors to avoid their
own death
- churches & hospitals
targeted
Rwandan Genocide 1994
- radio effectively used – give
directions and whereabouts of
Tutsis
- lists of victims given to Hutus
to seek and kill
- 1996 UN report claimed rape
was “a rule and its absence was
the exception”
- every female survivor was
raped
- killings end in July, 1994 after
Tutsi rebels from neighboring
countries intervene
Mark Weber
←
Robert Faurisson
→
Holocaust Deniers
David Irving
←
Bradley Smith
→
Mark Weber
“Don’t for a minute think that indoctrinating wide-eyed
school children with the lies and slanders against
Germans, Slavs, Catholics, Christians, Europeans, and
whites in general isn’t a primary purpose of the Holocaustmongers. ... The Holocaust is a religion. Its underpinnings
in the realm of historical fact are non-existent -- no Hitler
order, no plan, no budget, no gas chambers, no autopsies
of gassed victims, no bones, no ashes, no skulls, no
nothing.... Secondly, it’s a religion for losers.... Suffice it to
say that the rise of religions such as this generally coincides
with the decline and fall of nations which tolerate them.”
IHR Newsletter, May 1989
Robert Faurisson
“The alleged Hitlerian gas chambers and the
alleged genocide of the Jews form one and the
same historical lie, which permitted a gigantic
financial swindle whose chief beneficiaries
have been the State of Israel and international
Zionism, and whose main victims have been
the German people and the Palestinian people
as a whole.”
- as quoted by the Guardian Weekly, April 7, 1991
Bradley Smith
“Rabbis normally come from a sophisticated urban
intellectual background, which encourages a selfrighteous contempt for the views and sensibilities of
those who don’t, hypocritical betrayal of
proclaimed ideals to disguise true motives, and a
rejection -- for self-serving ends -- of any kind of
good will or even civility towards those with whom
they disagree.”
IHR Newsletter, February 1992
David Irving
“It [the Holocaust] is something like a religion.... The
Intellectual Adventure is that we are reversing this entire
trend within the space of one generation -- that in a few
years time no one will believe this particular legend
anymore. They will say, as I do, that atrocities were
committed. Yes, hundreds of thousands of people were
killed, but there were no factories of death. All that is a
blood libel against the German people.”
Speech in Portland, Oregon, September 18, 1996 (posted on
Internet)
Arthur R. Butz
The claim of the legend [the Holocaust] is that there were
no technical means provided for the specific task of
extermination, and that means originally provided for
other purposes did double duty in improvised
arrangements. Thus, the Jews were allegedly gassed with
the pesticide Zyklon, and their corpses disappeared into
the crematories along with the deaths from “ordinary”
causes (the ashes or other remains of millions of victims
never having been found). Surely any thoughtful person
must be skeptical.
From The Hoax of the Twentieth
Century: The Case Against The
Presumed Extermination Of European
Jewry