Transcript TAKS 2007 History Review

TAKS 2007
History Review
By
Mr. Benavides
Lets Kick Taks!
Declaration of Independence
(1776)
1787
of the Constitutional Convention was
how to create a government that did
not resemble King George but create a
limited, ordered and representative,
govt. that was powerful enough
•to tax
•regulate trade
•protect private property
•enforce its laws
without taking away the rights that
were fought for in the American
Revolution?
BLUE/USA
GRAY/CSA
•United States of America
or Union
•President Abraham Lincoln
•Capital: Washington, D.C.
•Feds-----Federal
•Yanks-----Yankees
•Bluebellies
•Blue coats
•Confederate States of America
•President Jefferson Davis
•Capital: Richmond, VA
•Rebs------Rebels---”Johnny Rebs”
•Secessh-------Seccession
•Graycoats
•Yellow bellies
Wash
inaugural
•New Constitution
and Government
take effect on
April 30, 1789.
•Washington
begins his
presidency in
New York City
and alternates
between there
and Philadelphia.
•Capital city at
this time was
New York City.
The English colonists who
settled America brought
with them three main
concepts:
– The need for an ordered social system, or government.
– The idea of limited government, that is, that government should not
be all-powerful.
– The concept of representative government or a government that
serves the will of the people.
George Grenville’s
Program, 1763-1765
1. Sugar Act - 1764
2. Currency Act - 1764
3. Quartering Act - 1765
4. Stamp Act - 1765
First Continental Congress
(1774)
55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda  How to
respond to all
the Acts?
1 vote per colony
represented.
Theories of
Representation
Real Whigs
Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’s
authority over the colonies??
Absolute?
OR
Limited?
Q-> How could the colonies give or
withhold consent for parliamentary
legislation when they did not have
representation in that body??
The Shot Heard ’Round the
World!
Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775
Conn. Comp
•Great Compromise or
Connecticut Compromise
•New Jersey Plan
•Virginia Plan
•People to elect their
representatives.
•2 houses of Congress
•Bicameral
CONGRESS
HOUSE OF REPESENTATIVES
•Elected by the people
•Representatives based on population per
state…..
•More population the more
representatives you have
•2 year term
•Satisfied larger states
SENATE
•Elected by each state’s congress
•Equal representatives
•2 representatives per state
•6 year term
•Satisfied smaller states
3
branches
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
3 Branches are separate, have different powers, co-equal
and checks and balances on one another to make sure one
branch does not get to powerful
Legislative Checks
On Executive
•Override a veto
•Declare war
•impeachment
On Judicial
•Approve judges
•Impeachment
Executive Checks
Judicial Checks
On Legislative
On Executive and
Legislative
•Veto a law
•Ask for war
•Propose laws
On Judicial
•Declare an act of
President
or law of Congress
unconstitutional
•Appoint judges
•Appointed for life
Bill of rights
First 10 Amendments to the
Constitution in 1791
Rights and freedoms won in
the Revolution are preserved
and protected…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
FREEDOM of Religion,
Speech, Press,
Assembly, Petition
RIGHT TO KEEP AND
BEAR ARMS
No QUARTERING of
soldiers in peacetime
NO UNREASONABLE
SEARCH and SEIZURE
PROTECTION of
ACCUSED
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
RIGHT TO A SPEEDY,
PUBLIC TRIAL BY JURY
TRIAL BY JURY IN CIVIL
SUITS
NO EXCESSIVE FINES or
CRUEL PUNISHMENT
POWERS RESERVED TO
THE PEOPLE
POWERS RESERVED TO
THE STATES
The Spanish-American War
(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”
1898 Spanish-American War
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani 
Hawaii for the
Hawaiians!
What caused WWI? (1914-1918)
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo
Thursday, October 24, 1929
 Many stocks purchased
 Stock prices fell
 Huge sums of money lost
Stock Market
Crash
The worst economic crisis of the century
Over 13 million people unemployed
“Dust bowl” as a result of drought
Farmers lost crops
Many lost their homes
1941-1945 WWII
Military/Strategic Interests
Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power
on History: 1660-1783
Panama Canal
U.S. World Power
Theodore Roosevelt in
Panama
(Construction begins
in 1904)
America joins the War in 1917,
Why?
President Wilson’s 14 Points were his ideas to
“end all war”. These are a summary of his
ideas for world peace. Are they realistic or
based on idealism?
•Open diplomacy or no
secret treaties.
•Freedom of the seas.
•Free trade.
•Countries reduce
colonies and weapons
•International control
of colonies…..
•Formation of new
countries with selfgovernment as a goal.
(Democracy)
•A “league of nations”
to guarantee peace
among nations.
(Collective Security)
14 pts
big4
•When President Wilson went
to Paris, France, he was
welcomed like he was a God.
•Countries were convinced that
his 14 points could “end all
war”.
•But, the hatred of the Allied
nations led to the Treaty of
Versailles to be a “Treaty of
Revenge” against Germany.
big4
•Wilson believed he could “end
all war” with his 14 points for
world peace.
•But, Allied countries had their
own self-interest and agendas
in mind.
•Wilson had to compromise
most of his 14 points to get his
“league of nations”
•Wilson warned Allies not to be to harsh on Germany
because it could lead to future problems.
•The U.S. Government began to restrict
certain “undesirable” immigrants from
entering the U.S.
•Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act
of 1921, in which newcomers from Europe
were restricted at any year to a quota, which
was set at 3% of the people of their
nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1910.
•Immigration Act of 1924, the quota down to
2% and the origins base was shifted to that of
1890, when few southeastern Europeans
lived in America.
18th Amendment:
Prohibition (1919)
Banned manufacture
and sale of alcoholic
beverages
•Movement begins at the local, state levels and
eventually effects the national level…..
•WCTU or Women’s Christian Temperance Union
founded in 1874 in Cleveland, Ohio
•Frances Willard
•Carrie Nation
•Anna Howard Shaw
•Anti-Saloon League
The 18th Amendment (change) to the American Constitution
in 1920 [a result of the Volstead Act] in many ways came to
symbolise the age of the 1920’s as one of ‘wild living’,
organised crime and rampant corruption. Yet its origins
had the best of intenetions.
An exaggerated French view of the
By 1917used
26 states
had turned
methods
by the WCTU.
‘dry.’
There had been increasing concern in
country districts of the USA, in the years
before World War One, about the effects of
on family
life and‘temperance’
productivity.(antiDuring thealcohol
19th century
a powerful
They viewed
city-life
as immoral
andThese
as
alcohol) movement
had
developed
in the USA.
weakening
to theand
American
national
were led by
church groups
women’s
organizations,
character.
such as, ‘The
Women’s Christian Temperance Union’.
They claimed that families were left impoverished by
fathers who spent most of their wages on drink.
A New Generation
Women’s Suffrage

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton, leaders of the
suffrage movement, died without
seeing the victory of women’s
suffrage.

At the turn of the century, Carrie
Chapman Catt became the leader
of the National American
Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA).

She led the movement from 1900 to
1904 and again after 1915.

In March 1913 Alice Paul and Lucy
Burns organized a parade of 5,000
women in Washington, D.C.
The Playful flapper here we see,
The fairest of the fair.
She's not what Grandma used to be,
You might say, au contraire.
Her girlish ways may make a stir,
Her manners cause a scene,
But there is no more harm in her
Than in a submarine.
She nightly knocks for many a goal
The usual dancing men.
Her speed is great, but her control
Is something else again.
All spotlights focus on her pranks.
All tongues her prowess herald.
For which she well may render thanks
To God and Scott Fitzgerald.
Her golden rule is plain enough Just get them young and treat them
rough.
by Dorothy Parker
John T. Scopes
Respected high
school biology
teacher arrested
in Dayton,
Tennessee for
teaching
Darwin’s Theory
of Evolution.
Clarence Darrow William J. Bryan
Sec. of State for
Famous trial
President
lawyer who
Wilson, ran for
represented
president three
Scopes
times, turned
evangelical
leader.
Represented the
prosecution.
Dayton,
Tennessee
Small town in the
south became
protective
against the
encroachment of
modern times
and secular
teachings.
Henry Ford
The Assembly Line
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
Francisco Franco
The Japanese Invasion
of China, 1937
Rome-Berlin Axis, 1939
The “Pact of Steel”
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:
The Tripartite Pact
September, 1940
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,
1941
Great Britain.........................$31 billion
Soviet Union...........................$11 billion
France......................................$ 3 billion
China.......................................$1.5 billion
Other European.................$500 million
South America...................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
Lend-Lease
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!
The Italian Campaign
[“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
 Allies plan
assault on
weakest Axis
area - North
Africa - Nov.
1942-May 1943
 George S.
Patton leads
American troops
 Germans
trapped in
Tunisia surrender over
275,000 troops.
Pacific Theater of Operations
Allied Counter-Offensive:
“Island-Hopping”
Japanese-American Boy Scout
Troop in an Internment Camp
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
Battle of Midway Island:
June 4-6, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:
June 4-6, 1942
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders
for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
German Prisoners
Higgins Landing Crafts
The Dropping of The Atomic
Bomb at Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
The atom bomb was no great
decision. It was merely another
powerful weapon in the arsenal of
righteousness.
~ Harry S. Truman
Fat Man and
Little Boy
“Fat
Man”
“Little
Boy”
Debate over the Bomb:
American Support
Americans were suffering many casualties and
the Japanese were showing no signs of
possible negotiation.
A cease fire was non-negotiable.
If the United States dropped the atomic bomb,
surrender and peace would probably occur.
Saving Lives by
Using the Bomb
Non-combatants were dying throughout
Asia at the rate of 200,000 per month.
The complete naval blockade of Japan
would have resulted in hundreds of
thousands of deaths due to malnutrition,
dehydration, and famine.
The atomic bomb saved thousands of
American soldier’s lives
The Atomic Bomb at Hiroshima
The Bombing:
Nagasaki
Before
After
The Japanese
Surrender
The Japanese
surrendered on
September 2,
1945.
The ceremony
took place on
the USS
Missouri
accompanied by
British ships in
Tokyo Bay.
Japan agreed to a ceasefire and the release of
POW’s.
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R.
Emerged as the Two Superpowers
of the later 20c
Post-War Germany
The Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
GOAL  spread worldwide Communism
METHODOLOGIES:
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL  “Containment”
of Communism & the
eventual collapse of the
Communist world.
[George Kennan]
 Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
 Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
 Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts
of Third World peoples [Communist govt. &
command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist
economy]  “proxy wars”
 Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
Truman Doctrine [1947]
1. Civil War in Greece.
2. Turkey under pressure from the
USSR for concessions in the
Dardanelles.
3. The U. S. should support free
peoples throughout the world who
were resisting takeovers by armed
minorities or outside pressures…We
must assist free peoples to work out
their own destinies in their own way.
4. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey
$400 million in aid.
Marshall Plan [1948]
1. “European Recovery
Program.”
2. Secretary of State,
George Marshall
3. The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it. This move
is not against any country or doctrine,
but against hunger, poverty, desperation,
and chaos.
4. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western
Europe extended to Eastern Europe &
USSR, [but this was rejected].
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO1949)
 United States
 Luxemburg
 Belgium
 Netherlands
 Britain
 Norway
 Canada
 Portugal
 Denmark
 1952: Greece &
Turkey
 France
 Iceland
 Italy
 1955: West Germany
 1983: Spain
The Korean War: A “Police Action” (19501953)
Kim Il-Sung
Syngman Rhee
“Domino Theory”
Korean War [1950-1953]
Progress Through Science
1951 -- First IBM Mainframe Computer
1952 -- Hydrogen Bomb Test
1953 -- DNA Structure Discovered
1954 -- Salk Vaccine Tested for Polio
1957 -- First Commercial U. S. Nuclear
Power Plant
1958 -- NASA Created
1959 -- Press Conference of the First 7
American Astronauts
Vietnam War: 1965-1973
American Morale
Begins to Dip
 Disproportionate representation of poor
people and minorities.
 Severe racial problems.
 Major drug
problems.
 Officers
 6 mo. in combat
 6 mo. in rear
 Enlisted men in combat for 12 mo.
GI Bill of Rights

Program to help Veterans after serving
in the military during WWII it also
promoted volunteerism.
– Housing
– Education
– Job training
– Adjustment
McCarthyism

Fear of communism spreading in the U.S.
– Named after Senator Joseph McCarthy
– Paranoia in the U.S. over communism but
nothing was ever proven.
– Finger pointing like Salem Witchcraft trials
Progress Through Science
1957  Russians launch SPUTNIK I
1958  National Defense
Education Act