Transcript World War II and Concentration camps

WWII
Causes of WWII
• 1) Great Depression: Worldwide economic crisis
puts too much stress on many countries
• 2) Fascism: rise of aggressive dictators in
Europe and Japan
• 3) League of Nations: League was too weak to
stop Japanese, Italian, & German aggression
• 4) Appeasement: encouraged Hitler, allowed
German Army to become strong
• 5) Treaty of Versailles: Ruined German economy,
led to aggression by Germany, Japan, Italy
The World in the 1930’s
• The Soviet Union
• Ruled by dictator Joseph
Stalin
• Totalitarian government:
the government and every
aspect of the peoples’ lives
is controlled by one party
• 5 year plans forced USSR
to modernize
• Execution & torture of
political enemies
• Fascist dictator
Benito Mussolini in
power
• Fascism =
militarism, extreme
nationalism (my
country is always
right) and total
loyalty to the leader
“Il Duce”
• Invaded and took
over Ethiopia; 1935
Italy
Germany
• Germany kept taking more
and more land from its
neighbors while the League
of Nations did nothing.
Rhineland, Sudetenland,
Austria
• Adolph Hitler &
Nazi Party came
to power by
blaming Jews
for Treaty of
Versailles along
with most of
Germany's
problems
• Fascist
Government
• German
invasion of
Poland caused
WWII in Europe
Japan
Depression hurt
Japanese
economy
Military took over
Emperor Hirohito
Superior
Japanese would
conquer all of
Asia
Invaded
Manchuria,
China; 1931
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USA
President: FDR
Foreign policy of
isolationism (WWI)
Focused on Western
Hemisphere
Good Neighbor policy in
Latin America
"In the field of world
policy I would dedicate
this nation to the policy
of the good neighbor-the neighbor who
resolutely respects
himself and, because
he does so, respects
the rights of others."
USA
 Good
Neighbor policy in Latin
America:
No more military interventions in L.A.
 Marines out of Haiti & Nicaragua
 Platt Amendment (Cuba) annulled…
kept base at Guantanamo

WWII Begins
• 1937; Asia:
• Japan begins
total war with
China
• Nanking:
300,000
civilians &
POW’s killed in
6 weeks
• Hitler kept Appeasement
taking more
and more land
• UK & France
thought he
would stop
• Agreed to give
Peace in
Czechoslovaki
our time.
a to Germany
at Munich
Sucker
!
War in Europe
• Summer, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
• September, 1939: -Blitzkrieg- Germany
Invades Poland.– England & France
declare war on Germany & its allies;
Italy & Japan.
• 1940 Germany Invades France
Nazi-Soviet
NonAggression
Pact
German Invasion of Poland
Germany Conquers France
Axis vs. Allies
Axis
Japan
Allies
France
Italy
Russia
Germany
USA
Great Britain
US Moves Toward War
• 1) Cash & Carry, Old Destroyers to UK.
• 2) More $ for the military, 1st peace-time
draft declared
• 3) June 1941: Hitler launches surprise
attack on Soviet Union breaking nonaggression pact
• 4) Lend-Lease Act: March 1941, allowed
US to sell or lease military supplies to the
Allies including U.S.S.R.
–Is this isolationism?
On December 7th 1941 the Japanese Navy
attacked the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor,
Hawai’i
The U.S.S. Arizona continues to
leak oil in this 2004 photograph
WHY did the Japanese attack the
United States?
Because…
 1) The U.S, was conducting an embargo
which kept the Japanese from acquiring
the raw materials and petroleum they
needed to keep their war machine going
 2) The Japanese knew that war with the
U.S. was inevitable, so they hoped to
destroy our navy before the war started.
Reactions to the attack
• US
citizens
want
revenge
Reactions to the attack
• Congress
declares
war on
Japan
• Germany
and Italy
declare
war on US
Major Battles & Turning Points
Stalingrad
• Siege of
Stalingrad:
Nazis
running out
of oil. Need
to get oil in
Caspian
Sea. Can’t
conquer
Stalingrad.
900 day
siege, Nazis
fail. 1
million
Soviets die.
Stalingrad
• Important
because the
Soviets did not
allow the Nazis
to get the oil that
their war
machine
needed.
• Tide of war
began turning in
favor of the
Allies
The Japanese in the Pacific
• By 1942 the
Japanese
controlled
much of the
Pacific
• US Navy
(aircraft
carriers)
started to
turn the tide
at the Battle
of Wake
Island
Battle of El Alamein
• British
defeat
Germans in
Africa
• Beat
German
General
Erwin
Rommel
• Saved
supply route
• Cut Nazis off
from oil
Allied Supplies
Invasion of Italy, 1943
• The Allies
had
defeated
Axis forces
in North
Africa and
Italy.
Invasion of Normandy (D-Day), 1944
• Dwight D.
Eisenhower
was in
command of the
Allied forces as
they invade
France to free it
from German
control
• Created 2 Front
war for
Germany
• Germany will
soon be
overpowered by
Allies
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge/ Hitler
surrenders
Allies Win, FDR Dies
• 1944: British,
Americans, Soviets all
close in on Berlin
• Hitler commits suicide
in bunker, Germans
surrender.
• FDR wins re-election in
1944, dies in 1945.
Harry S Truman
becomes President
War in the Pacific
• A. US Goals:
– i. Regain
the
Philippines
– ii. Invade
the
Japanese
Islands
War in the Pacific…
• B. Island Hopping: invade Japan by capturing
islands in the Pacific along the way
Island Hopping
• i. Navajo
code-talkers
help US
forces
communicate
without
Japanese
interception
Island Hopping
• ii. Gen.
MacArthur
leads US
forces to
victory in
Philippines,
Iwo Jima, &
Okinawa
II. Surrender of Japan
a. Potsdam Declaration: Allies demand
unconditional surrender or Japan will
face, “prompt and utter destruction.”
b. Enola Gay drops 1st atomic bomb on
Hiroshima, Japan; 70,000 people
killed instantly. 3 days later another
a-bomb dropped on Nagasaki. 40,000
people killed instantly. Many more
people die later from radiation
poisoning.
The Atomic
Bomb
• The Japanese
surrendered on
August 14, 1945.
• This was called V-J
day-for “Victory in
Japan.”
• World War II is finally
over.
• 6 million Jews,
5 million
Gypsies,
communist,
mentally &
physically
disabled,
POW’s, etc.
• Over 11 million
people
systematically
murdered by
the Nazi regime
of Germany
The
Holocaust
The Holocaust
• Allied soldiers found
these concentration
camps as they liberated
Europe in 1945.
• Many could not believe
their eyes.
• “They were dirty,
starved skeletons with
torn clothes….It is
unbelievable how any
human can treat others
as they were treated.”
Liberation
The Nuremberg Trials
• War crimes trials
• 1945-1946: The
Allies put Nazi
leaders on trial
for the atrocities
of the Holocaust
• “I was just
following orders”
not an excuse
• 12 Nazi leaders
hanged for their
crimes
Compare
Compare and
and Contrast
Contrast
Relocation/internment camps
and
Concentration camps?
Working with a partner
Use a Venn diagram and list how they are
the same and how they are different.