Transcript (Unit 2A) PPT Cell_Unit_Review_Part_Ax

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2.1 Cell Structure & Function
2.2 Cell Transport
2.3 Enzymes
2.4 Cell Energy
Cells have certain structures that perform
specific jobs.
1.
o
Build and move stuff


o
Ribosomes, SER (lipids), RER (proteins)
Golgi and SER/RER; vesicles
Break stuff down

o
Lysosomes, peroxisomes
Process energy

o
Mitochondria, chloroplast
Maintain support/Regulate Entry

Cytoskeleton (MT, MF), cell wall; cell membrane
Problems Cells Solve
Obtain Energy (Food)
Get Rid of Waste
Obtain Gases
Make New Parts
Get Needed Chemicals
Balance Water Level
Respond to the Environment
Reproduce
Plant
•
•
•
•
All animal organelles
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Centriole (no centrosome)
Animal
• No cell wall
• No chloroplast
• Centriole (with centrosome)
Eukaryote
• all but bacteria
• larger
• membranous
organelles
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall (only plant)
• Cilia, flagella
Prokaryote
•
•
•
•
•
•
Only bacteria
smaller
Only ribosomes, DNA
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cilia, flagella
Which cell part modifies (changes), sorts, and
packages proteins for the cell’s use?
a. Smooth ER
b. Golgi Body
c. Chloroplast
d. Nucleus


Which of the following is NOT found in a
plant cell?
a. Cell Wall
b. Cytoplasm
c. Mitochondria
d. Centrioles (with centrosomes)
e. Vacuole

This biomolecule is used in the cell to store
energy and takes the formula of CH2O.
a. Protein
b. Carbohydrate
c. Lipid
d. Nucleic Acid
Part 1 is the ______________.
a. Mitochondria
b. Cytoplasm
c. Centrioles
d. Nucleus
e. Nucleolus
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Part 7 is the ______________.
a. Mitochondria
b. Cytoplasm
c. Cell membrane
d. Nucleus
e. Nucleolus
Part 3 is the ______________.
a. Ribosome
b. Cytoplasm
c. Cell membrane
d. Nucleus
e. Nucleolus
2.1 Cell Structure & Function
2.2 Cell Transport
2.3 Enzymes
2.4 Cell Energy
o
Cells use passive and active transport to move
materials through the cell membrane.
Problems Cells Solve
Obtain Energy (Food)
Get Rid of Waste
Obtain Gases
Make New Parts
Get Needed Chemicals
Balance Water Level
Respond to the Environment
Reproduce
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Permeable
Semi-permeable
Non-permeable
Concentration gradient
Cell Transport
Passive
Simple
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Active
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Pinocytosis
o
The movement of molecules of any
substance so that they spread out evenly
into available space.
o
Diffusion must follow these rules:
1. Cannot use ATP energy
2. Always moves molecules along the
concentration gradient.
•
In other words, diffusion always goes “down hill”.
• High concentration
Low concentration
o
Active Transport is describe by these traits:
o Uses ATP energy
o Moves molecules against the concentration
gradient.
o In other words, it always goes “up hill”.
o Low concentration
high concentration

Substances that move materials across a
cell’s membrane (from areas of high
concentration to areas of low concentration)
and use channel proteins but no energy, are
an example of facilitated diffusion.
a. True
b. False

When materials move across a membrane,
the membrane is considered to be ________
to the materials.
a. Non-permeable
b. Semi-permeable
c. Permeable
d. None of the above
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
While cleaning a salt-water aquarium (with plants
adapted to salt water), students remove the plants
and place them in a container of distilled water (100%
water). Assume that the salt-water plants have a
solute concentration of 10% salt inside the cell.
What effect will this change in environment have on
the plant cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The plant cells will separate from each other.
The plant cells will shrink.
The plant cells will expand.
The plant cells will neither shrink nor expand.
Active transport follows two basic rules:
1) ATP energy is used and
2) molecules move across the cell membrane
from areas of high (low) concentration to areas
of low (high) concentration.

a. True
b. False
Problems Cells Solve
Obtain Energy (Food)
Get Rid of Waste
Obtain Gases
Make New Parts
Get Needed Chemicals
Balance Water Level
Respond to the Environment
Reproduce

Osmosis allows water to pass through the cell
membrane.
Osmosis: diffusion of water
Solute: solid dissolved in a liquid
Solvent: liquid in which solid is dissolved
Solution: combined solid and liquid
Hypotonic: solution that has a lower concentration
than inside a cell.
6) Hypertonic: solution that has a higher concentration
compared to the inside a cell.
7) Isotonic: solution that has the same concentration
compared to the inside a cell.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Water moves from areas of more water to
areas of less water until equilibrium is
reached.
 In other words, it is the
diffusion of water.


Water will travel down its concentration
gradient (from high to low).
Requires no ATP energy
Isotonic Solution:




Solute concentration is equal (inside and outside).
Water concentration is equal (inside and outside)
Effect: No change in cell shape or size.
Isotonic
Hypotonic Solution:




Solute concentration outside the cell the cell is
less than inside.
Water concentration outside the cell is greater
than inside.
Effect: Cell will expand.
Hypotonic
Hypertonic Solution:




Solute concentration outside the cell is greater
than inside.
Water concentration outside the cell is less
than outside.
Effect: Cell shrinks
Hypertonic

True or False: The cell is in a hypertonic
solution.
a. True
b. False

True or False: Predict the future of this cell.
a. Take in water and expand
b. Lose water and shrink
c. Stay the same
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