Transcript Pacific Operations in WWII

BELLWORK: December
th
5
1. How did land, naval and air forces
coordinate their actions in the Pacific?
2. THINKER: In your opinion, which Pacific
battle was the most important in the
defeat of Japan? Why? Explain!
Operations in the Pacific War
Japan’s Refusal to Surrender
War in the Pacific: Important Battles
• By early-1942, it became difficult for Japanese to maintain
control of vast empire  switch to defensive!
• Low on resources and weapons
• Codebreakers discovered several planned attacks
• Once a 2nd front in Europe is opened (1942), American forces
concentrated on island hopping: a military strategy of
attacking specific enemy-held islands.
• Battle of the Coral Sea: (5/4/1942) mutual bombing of navies
• Battle of Midway: (6/4/1942) U.S. wins its first Pacific battle by
fighting entirely from the air and destroying the Japanese navy.
US Aircraft Carrier, Lexington, under attack at the
Battle of the Coral Sea
Allied Offensives: 1943-1945
• Battle of Guadalcanal: (2/9/1943) First Japanese-held
territory conquered by the U.S. (paved way for 2-pronged
offensive)
• 1944: Maximize navy, improve radar, increase defense
• Battle of Leyte Gulf (Philippines): (10/23/1944)Greatest
naval battle in history; vital to stop oil production.
• Battle of Iwo Jima: (2/1945): vital to provide support for
bombing campaign of mainland; clear victory
• Battle of Okinawa: (4/11/1945) Last obstacle to an Allied
invasion of the Japanese home islands. (played huge role in
future tactical decisions…..why?)
U.S. Marines in Guadalcanal; 1942
Torpedoed Japanese destroyer; Battle of
Leyte Gulf
General MacArthur at Leyte Gulf
Chinese ground
forces
By this point,
they forced
Japan out of
strongholds and
advanced into
Burma
American ship, Bunker Hill, after being attacked by
Kamikazes – Battle of Okinawa
Allied Bombing Campaign
• By Spring 1945, Japanese home
islands were in range of US B29 bombers.
• US Air Force decided to attack
at low level with incendiary
bombs.
• Civilian deaths = 300,000 and ½
of country’s urban centers were
burned to the ground
• Japanese government still
refused to surrender.
HOMEWORK: Due tomorrow!
• In honor of the 75th anniversary of Pearl
Harbor, read about the Manhattan Project!
• Finish the “Manhattan Project” portion of the
worksheet
• Be prepared to develop and defend your
personal opinion on the atomic bomb!
The rest of 2016 in IB History….
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Wednesday 12/6: Current Event – Trump’s team
BLOCK #2: Crimes Against Civilians video
Next week: War Crime Trials and review
Friday 12/16: Late/Missing work due
Monday 12/19: Unit 6 term cards due
“Final” Exam:
– Tuesday 12/20: period 3
– Thursday 12/22: period 6
Bellwork 12/6: Analyze the primary sources to list
the pros/cons of the atomic bomb.
PRO BOMB!
ANTI BOMB!
The Manhattan Project
• A 1941 top secret plan to develop the first
atomic bomb.
• Combination of scientists and physicists
– Albert Einstein
– Robert Oppenheimer
• Presidential approval
– FDR
– Truman
Atomic bomb
test: Los
Alamos, New
Mexico – July
1945
Truman’s decision
 Truman warned Japanese that if they didn’t surrender,
they could expect a “rain of ruin from the air”
•Enola Gay dropped
the first atomic bomb
on Hiroshima on
August 6, 1945
•The second was
dropped on Nagasaki
on August 9, 1945
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Civilian Warning Pre-Hiroshima
• TO THE JAPANESE PEOPLE:
America asks that you take immediate heed of what we say on
this leaflet.
• We are in possession of the most destructive explosive ever
devised by man. A single one of our newly developed atomic
bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000
of our giant B-29s can carry on a single mission. This awful fact is
one for you to ponder and we solemnly assure you it is grimly
accurate.
• We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work
of building a new, better and peace-loving Japan.
• You should take steps now to cease military resistance.
Otherwise, we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our
other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.
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Civilian
Warning
Pre-Nagasaki
ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE. EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.
Because your military leaders have rejected the surrender declaration, two momentous
events have occurred in the last few days.
The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on the part of the military has notified your
Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your nation. Thus, all powerful countries of
the world are now at war with you.
Also, because of your leaders' refusal to accept the surrender declaration that would
enable Japan to honorably end this useless war, we have employed our atomic bomb.
A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive
power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s could have carried on a single mission. Radio
Tokyo has told you that with the first use of this weapon of total destruction, Hiroshima
was virtually destroyed.
Before we use this bomb again and again to destroy every resource of the military by
which they are prolonging this useless war, petition the emperor now to end the war.
Our president has outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an honorable
surrender. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building
a new, better, and peace-loving Japan.
Act at once or we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons
to promptly and forcefully end the war.
EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.
Aftermath
Ground Temperature
7000F
Force Winds
980mph
Energy Released
20,000 tons of TNT
Buildings Destroyed
62,000
Killed Immediately
80,000 people
Dead by end of 1945
140,000 people
Total Deaths
220,000 people
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Surrender
Japan surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur on
September 2, 1945
"Should We continue to fight, it would not only
result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the
Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total
extinction of human civilization." Emperor Hirohito
Effects of WWII in Asia
• Japan was eliminated as a major power
• Allied occupation of Japan; MacArthur was appointed Supreme
Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP)
• Removal of Japanese troops in China
– In 1949, China falls to communism under Mao Zedong
• Territories are reclaimed: Taiwan, Korea (divided), Pacific Islands
• USSR gets control of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands
• The Emperor would help maintain political stability and facilitate
reform
• Japan was turned into a democratic state with a new constitution
Bellwork 12/6: Analyze the primary sources to list
the pros/cons of the atomic bomb.
PRO BOMB!
ANTI BOMB!
What do YOU think? Was dropping the
atomic bomb the right thing to do?
PRO
BOMB!
ANTI
BOMB!
________________________________________________________
HOMEWORK: Block 2
• Read and annotate the “Effects of WWII in the
Pacific”
• Pages 219-225
Was dropping the Atomic Bomb the right thing to do?
• You and your partner will be given various primary
sources about the atomic bomb and its
ethical/moral/strategic repercussions.
– One will read the pro arguments (FOR the A-bomb)
– One will read the con arguments (AGAINST the A-bomb)
• After reading, complete the worksheet for your
viewpoint.
• Discuss your readings with your partner and fill in your
chart.
• Be prepared to discuss and participate!