Transcript Axis Aggression 1931-1939

Axis Aggression
Around the World
1931-1939
Manchuria (1931)
1. Northern province of China
2. Japanese problem –
overpopulation and lack of
natural resources.
3. Military take over
4. “League of Nations” – impose
sanctions (restrictions) – slap on
the wrist
5. 1937 Japan invades China proper –
Peking / Shanghai / Nanking
-
Most famous is the Rape of Nankinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L
_XzRaEAer4
Germany- Hitler Assumes Power
(1933)
1. German Economic decline in
1920’s – Hitler and Germans in
general resent the Treaty of
Versailles
2. Bullying tactics – Jews to blame
3. “Brown shirts” – supporters of
Hitler
4. Took control of the legislature
(1933)
5. First concentration camps
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a
2YEUhHFMHY
Ethiopia (1935)
1. Mussolini expansionist goals “The Country is
Nothing without Conquest”- This means he is a
what?
2. Invade the African nation of Ethiopia
3. League of Nations branded Italy an aggressor
a. Economic sanctions (minor)
b. No embargo on most essential import
(Oil)
c. Sanctions were very weak
4. Italy not concerned and still annexed Ethiopia
German Remilitarization (1935-36)
1.
2.
3.
Violated Treaty of Versailles
a. Reintroducing conscription- compulsory service in the army
b. Remilitarizing the Rhineland (location between France and
Germany)
No Allied effort to enforce Treaty of Versailles
Germany’s military strength was still suspect, Allies not overly
concerned
Spain 1936
1. General Francisco Franco –
leads revolt against legal
government (legal
government was supported
by Russia)
2. Franco support from Italy
and Germany
3. Spain was to be a testing
ground for new weapons
4. Spanish Civil War ends with
Franco victory
5. Remain neutral during World
War II
China - 1937
1. Japan drives
down through
mainland
2. Chinese Civil
War between
Nationalists
and
Communists
3. 1940 Japan
controlled
most of
eastern China
Austria - 1938
1. Hitler invades and annexes
Austria on the grounds
that all German-speaking
people belonged within
one German nation
2. Anschluss union of
Germany and Austria
violated WW I peace
treaty
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=t75ldUNc2Xw
Czechoslovakia - 1938
Sudetenland
1. Region in Czech bordering on Germany –
inhabited with German speaking people
2. Sudetens not oppressed by Hitler – stories of
atrocities (propaganda)
- Czech. Govt. refused to yield – alliance with Russia,
France, and Britain
Munich Conference
Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain
France – Edouard Daladier
Italy – Mussolini
Germany - Hitler
1. Meeting at Munich Germany
2. Allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland
3. Hitler – promise not to demand any more
territory
4. “Peace in our Time” – Chamberlain
5. Concept known as “appeasement”- giving in
to a demand, in order for your enemy to stop
doing bad things
Seizure of Czechoslovakia
1. Six months later Hitler seized the rest of
Czechoslovakia
2. France / Great Britain– now have no trust in
Hitler
3. F/GB promise protection to the next probable
victim – Poland
Europe Goes to War
1.
2.
3.
Chamberlain’s Appeasement was a
failure
Great Britain and France pledge to
protect Poland
Germany / Soviet Union 10 Year –
Non-Aggression Pact (August,
1939)
- Prevents Germany from having to fight
war on two fronts
4.
5.
Invasion of Poland – Sept 1st, 1939
Kickstarts the Lightning War –
“Blitzkrieg”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ha
0qKquG2E
6.
France and GB declare war on
Germany – September 3rd, 1939
Albania - 1939
1. Annexed by Mussolini
2. Italy control of the Adriatic Sea
War in the West
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Quiet period after fall of
Poland
American press call it a
“phony war”
France fortifies its defenses
“Maginot Line”
Phony war comes to an end –
April 9, 1940 – attack on
Denmark and Norway
May 10th blitz of the
Netherlands, Belgium, and
Luxembourg
Invasion of Northern France –
splitting France forces in half
– all the way to the English
channel
7. Miracle at “Dunkirk”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-ni8Nz8j04
7. Fall of France abandoned Paris – June 10,
1940
8. France surrenders – June 22nd, 1940
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=003iC7VZm
Yc
Battle of Britain
1. August - September 1940 – Greatest air assault
in World War II begins
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCfRxcIDIIs
2. Luftwaffe (German Air Force) vs. Royal Air Force
(British Air Force)
3. Rules of War
4. Bombing of London (Berlin in retaliation)
5. Break Hitler’s code
6. Bombings end – 1941
7. Will of British civilians – helped salvage the war
Two Major Axis Mistakes
1. Germany attacks the Soviet Union in June of
1941
2. Japanese attack U.S. at Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7th
1941 “A Day that will live in Infamy”
- Pearl Harbor scene
3. U.S. Declares war on Dec. 8th, 1941
-
Retaliation to Japan
Fear of Germanyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QT8MEXdr6tw