Transcript Chapter 24 World War II

Chapter 24
World War II
?? - 1945
Chapter 24
Section 1
I can list the events
that led to the
outbreak of World
War II
Bullet
795
BulletPoints
Points:p.Pg.829
•
Read
pgs.Pgs.
770 -802
775- 807
Reading:
•
•
•
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
____________________
________________________
_______________________
_____
Events
• 1918 – World War I Armistice was not a
world wide treaty
oGermans punished and suffer from
WWI
• 1921 – World suffers post war recession
oAdolf Hitler becomes the leader of the
German Nazi Party
Different Countries With
Similar Problems and
Results
• Russia
• Italy
• Germany
• Japan
Italy
• Economic and Social Problems cause
unrest
• 1922 – Benito Mussolini threatens to
overthrow government
How does the Italian government respond?
Italy
• Mussolini named “Prime Minister”
oCreates World’s First Fascist
Government
Fascism
• A political system based on militarism,
extreme nationalism, and loyalty to the
state and its leader.
oThe boss is always right
oSuperior nations must conquer and
control weaker nations
Mussolini
• Italy is superior to other countries
oReturn to the Roman Empire
• Banned
oFreedom of the Press
oOther Political Parties
oJailed or Murdered Critics
Italy
Problems
Government
Changes
Russia
Joseph Stalin and the Communist Party
Russia
• Communism created a totalitarian
government in Russia
oTotalitarian - Single Party System
• Government controls farms, land,
animals, and buisnesses
• 4 million critics were executed or sent to
prison camps (GULAGS)
GULAGS
Russia
Problems
Government
Society
Germany
• Economic struggles caused by WWI led
to the rise of the Nazi Party and Adolf
Hitler
• Harsh treatment from WWI
left many Germans unhappy
with the World
Nazism
•
•
•
•
Form of Fascism
Anti-Semitic
Germans are the Master Race
Believed WWI was lost because Jews and
inferior people like Gypsies
• Hitler uses this belief to his advantage
Adolf Hitler
• Elected Chancellor
in 1933
• Political Parties
Outlawed
• Secret Police
Enforce His Will
Jewish Community in
Germany
• Blamed for social and economic issues
oScapegoat
• Banned from professions
• Community was attacked
• Sent to slave labor camps
Germany
Government
Society
Japan
• Japan’s economy struggles following
WWI
• Japan felt that they need space
• 1936 – Militarists take control
Japan’s Military
Aggression
• Believed they were superior
oRacist
• Aggression – Warlike actions against
another nation without cause
• 1931 – Japan Seizes Manchuria and
China
• 1937 – Attacks Nanjing China, 250,000
Civilians and POW’s killed
Japan
Government
Society
Japan’s Control of Asia
Consequences
• Japan suspended from League of Nations
for one year
Four New Powers
Italy
Russia
Japan
Leaders
Germany
Italy’s Military Aggression
• 1935 – Italy Invades Ethiopia
oHaile Selassie
(Ethiopian leader)
appeals to the League
of Nations
oWeak response
oEthiopia Falls
Germany’s Military
Aggression
• Hitler rebuilds German Army
 League of Nations objects
• 1936 – Troops sent into Rhineland
 League of Nations objects
• 1938 – Hitler takes over Austria
 No one does anything
German Aggression
• 1938 – Germany tries to take over
Czechoslovakia
 Britain & France Object
• Munich Pact
o Britain and France agree to let Germany
take part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)
in return for no further aggression
oNo one asked the Czechs
Appeasement
• A policy of giving into
aggression to avoid war
• Neville Chamberlain
(British PM)
o“Peace for our time”
• Did it work?
• (NO.) 1939 – Hitler takes the
rest of Czech
America’s Response
• 1935: Neutrality Act
oNo assistance to those in war
• Good Neighbor Policy
oUS removes troops from Latin America
• Why did we engage in the Neutrality Act
and the Good Neighbor Policy?
War Begins in Europe
• Britain and France promise Poland they will
come to their aid if Germany invades…
• Aug. 1939: Hitler and Stalin agree to non-
aggression deal (even though they’re
enemies??)
 Secretly agree to divide up Poland
War Begins in Europe
• Sept. 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland
• September 3, 1939: France and England
declare war on Germany
• Sept. 17, 1939: Russia invades Eastern
Poland and later Finland
• Russia also, annexed Estonia, Lithuania, and
Latvia
Germany Invades Poland
Germany’s March
• April-May 1940:
oDenmark, Norway, Netherlands,
Luxemburg, and Belgium Fall
• France falls
under attack
(May 1940)
Fight for France
• Britain sends troops to help France
• British and French put on the defensive
• Germans pushed them back to Dunkirk
(French port on the English Channel)
• Britain sends all ships to rescue soldiers
• With no one in his path, Hitler marches to
Paris (the capital of France)
June 22, 1940
France
Surrenders
Barely six weeks after Germany invaded
Battle for Britain
• Britain stands alone
• Winston Churchill, the (new) British Prime Minister rallies
the country:
“…Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and
famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the
Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall
not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end… We shall fight
on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing
confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend
our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the
beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall
fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the
hills; we shall never surrender…”
Winston Churchill
Battle for Britain
• Hitler launches an air attack to bomb Britain
into submission
oTens of thousands killed
• Attacks ravaged the land, but Britain did not
break
• British planes fight back
• This continues through summer and into fall
• Hitler abandons plans of invading Britain
June
nd
22 ,
1941
Germany
Attacks Russia
Hitler’s March
1940
1938
1939
1941
Chapter 24
Section 2
The United States
at War
Read
pgs. 776
- 781
Reading:
808-813
Bullet
p.829
795
BulletPoints
Points:
•
•
•
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
Ch. 24 Sec. 2
I understand how the United
states moved from neutrality
to full involvement in the
war.
FDR’s Pledge
• “Your boys are not going to be sent into
any foreign wars”
• Easily reelected for
third term
Lend-Lease Act
• First:
Sold supplies to Britain
How did this not violate the Neutrality Act?
• Second: Allowed
for US to lend or lease
supplies to the British
• Act extended to Russia and China
• Most Americans agreed
• FDR: “The greatest arsenal of
democracy”
United States Prepares
• Build up of Army and Navy
• Peace Time Draft
started (Sep. 1940)
• Created Tuskegee
Airmen
Atlantic Charter
• US and Britain lay out future, postwar
goals
oWould not seek territorial gains
oEvery nation has the right to choose
their own government
oNew peacekeeping organization
Why?
Japan and the Pacific
• 1941 – Japan invades Indochina
oRoosevelt bans sale of iron and steel
scrap metal to Japan
oLimits sale of oil to Japan
• Japan is faced with a shortage of fuel
for their navy
December
th
7 ,
1941
Japan Attacks the
United States at
Pearl Harbor
Why did the Japanese
attack?
• The Japanese attacked because they
predicted/feared the United States would
become involved in the war, and needed
to buy time to secure supplies.
The Damage
• 200 Airplanes Destroyed
• 2 Battleships Destroyed
• 6 Battleships Damaged
• 2,400 Dead
United States Enters The
War
• December 8th, 1941
o “Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will
live in infamy, the United States of America was
suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air
forces of the Empire
of Japan.”
oCongress declares
war on Japan
Make the connection
• How does the
sinking of The
Main and The
Lusitania relate to
the attack on Pearl
Harbor?
• The sinking of The
Main led the U.S. into
the Spanish-American
War.
• The sinking of The
Lusitania led the U.S.
into World War I.
• The attack on Pearl
Harbor led the U.S. into
WWII.
Total War
• Conflict involving entire nations (not just
armies)
 Countries put all resources into war
effort
 Civilians are often targeted
Total War
• December 11, 1941
oGermany and Italy (Japan’s allies)
declare war on the United States
Divisions
Allies
Axis
United States
Britain
France
Russia
China
+45 more
Germany
Japan
Italy
+ 6 more
Two Fronts
• Europe (ETO)
oEurope (Eastern and Western
fronts)and Africa
• Pacific
oPacific Ocean, Australia, Indochina,
and Japan
1942: Europe and North
Africa
• Germany controlled most of Western
Europe
• Germany had advanced into North Africa
 Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Egypt
• Germany had advanced deep into Russia
Millions of Russians dead
Russian Winter
• December 1941:
 Russians stopped German advance
outside of Moscow
• mid 1942:
 Germany tries again at Stalingrad
 Russians stop them once again
North Africa
• German general, Erwin Rommel defeated
in Egypt in 1942 (October)
• British attack from the East and the U.S.,
under General Eisenhower, attack from
the West
Germans retreat: Rommel surrenders in
May 1943
North Africa
Axis POW’s
Japan 1942
• Japan takes
control of many
Countries:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hong Kong
Malaysia
Thailand
Burma
Guam
Wake Islands
Dutch East Indies
Solomon Islands
Philippines
• Attacked hours after Pearl Harbor
Philippines
• 2 weeks later Japan invades at Luzon
(key island)
• American forces retreat to Bataan
• General Douglas MacArthur ordered to
leave by FDR (to take command of U.S.
troops in Australia)
 Vows “I shall return”
Bataan Death March
• Japan captures approx. 70,000 soldiers
(American and Filipino troops)
• Forced them to walk 65 miles to a prison
camp
 So many died of starvation, disease,
and/or violence that it became known as
the Bataan Death March
The Tide Turns
•Two historic naval
battles:
Coral Sea & Midway
Battle of Coral Sea – May
1942
• Japan to invade at
New Guinea
• U.S. learns from
radio interception
• Send fleet to stop
• 2 carriers,
Lexington and
Yorktown
• • ^^ new form of naval battle: planes attack off of
carriers from many miles away
Outcome
• Lexington lost
• Japan loses fewer ships
• Cancels invasion of Port
Moresby
• First naval fight where ships
never shoot at each other
Battle of Midway – June
1942
• Japan to wipe out American Fleet
by capturing key island with U.S.
military base
• Tries to trap American carriers but
the U.S. learns of plan by radio
and sets own trap
• Japan suffers heavy losses
• Japan no longer rules Pacific
Chapter 24, Section 3
THE
HOME
FRONT
Bullet Points p. 795
•
Read pgs. 770 - 775
•
•
•
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
_____________________
________________________
_______________________
_________________________
____________________
________________________
_______________________
_____
I can understand
how the home front
responded to
American
participation in the
war
Building the Military
• Draft changed to
keep men in for
the entire war
• 15 Million men
drafted or
volunteered
Women in the Military
• Nurses
• WAC’s
• WAVE’s
• WASP’s
A Wartime Economy
• Industry converted from consumer to
military products
• War Production Board supervised
everything
• Military output doubled
• Unemployment shrank
• Minorities found jobs
• Depression ended
Supporting the War Effort
• Victory Gardens
• Rationing: the act of
setting limits on the amount
of scarce goods people can buy
• War Bonds
Four Groups Affected By
the War
1. Women
3. African Americans
2. Japanese Americans
4. Mexican Americans
1.)
Women in Industry
• Women took over
millions of jobs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Factories
Shipyards
Crane operators
Bus drivers
Police Officers
Gas station attendants
Women in Industry
• Better pay – Equal pay
• Better working conditions
• Sense of freedom, confidence,
and independence
“Rosie the Riveter”
“For the boys”
• Pin-up girls to boost
morale
Rita Hayworth
Betty Garble
2.)
Japanese Americans
• At start of war, 300,000 Japanese
Americans lived in U.S.
• Americans afraid that they may be spies
• Feb. 1942, 110,000 locked in internment
camps far inland
• Forced to sell property
WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?
Japanese Americans
• Not one case of disloyalty
• 17,000 served in ETO
• One group (442nd Neisi combat
Regimental Team) = most decorated
unit in history
• 1990, each survivor given $20,000
21
52
560
8
4,000
9,486
Other Tensions
• 11,000+ foreign-born Germans
and Italian Americans that had not
yet gained citizenship were held
in government camps
• Naturalized citizens faced
curfews and travel limits
3.)
African Americans
• Segregated military units
• Discrimination in private industry
• Roosevelt pressured into ordering
equality in hiring
• Set up the Fair Employment
Practices Committee
African Americans
• As African Americans moved to cities,
competition over housing
• 1943 race riots in Detroit and New York
Mexican Americans
• ½ million served in armed forces in WW
II
• 1942 treaty with Mexico allowed U.S.
companies to hire Mexican laborers
(“braceros”)
 worked on farms and RR
• Faced prejudice and violence
Mexican Americans
• 1943 – Zoot suit riots in L.A.
• Newspapers blamed Mexican
Americans
• Eleanor Roosevelt blamed
discrimination
• Zoot suits
Chapter 24, Section 4
Toward Victory
Bullet Points pg. 829
•
Read pgs. 821-827
•
•
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
•I can understand
how the Allies
won World War II
and the results
LEADERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Roosevelt – U.S.
Churchill – England
Stalin – Russia
Hitler – Germany
Mussolini – Italy
(general) Eisenhower – U.S.
(general) Rommell - Germany
Victory in Europe
• 1943: Stalin wants a “2nd front” to
help relieve Nazi assault
• Roosevelt and Churchill did not think
Allies ready
 More realistic plan: Get Italy out of WW2
The Plan
• Invade Italy, 1943 – Draw Italian
and German forces south
• Invade France in 2 places, 1944 –
Catch Germany off guard when
France invaded
• Russia pushes west
The Result
• Sicily captured then Italy invaded
• Mussolini dismissed by king
• Italy surrenders, but:
• Germans take over parts of Italy
and resist
The result
• Hitler rescues Mussolini but he’s
captured (again) and killed
The result
Allies continue the fight in Italy
Monte Cassino- Before
Monte Cassino - After
D-DAY
• June 6, 1944
• Invasion of France
WHERE WOULD YOU
INVADE?
Differing opinions
Hitler
• Pas de Calais
Rommell
• Normandy
Coast
Where do majority of
German troops go?
Where do Allies land ?
Bocage
• Troops fought way inland
• Caught in the Bocage (Hedgerow) area
• Earth and hedge 15 feet high
Paris
• By August 1944,
allies had
retaken Paris
France
• French liberated
after 4 years of
Nazi rule
2nd invasion of France
• August 1944, Southern France invaded
Battle of the Bulge
• Dec. 1944 German push against
allies
• Attacked through Argonne Forest
• Lightly defended by Allies
• Hitler uses all reserves and create a
bulge in the line
Bastogne Surrounded
• Germans surround town of
Bastogne
• Held by 101st Airborne
• Germans ask for surrender
• American General gives a 1 word
reply:
NUTS!
Germany Invaded
• Jan 1945 Russia reaches
Germany, pushes west
• U.S. reaches Germany and
pushes east
• Germany caught in a vise
Germany Invaded
• U.S. stops just east of Elbe River
• Allows Russia to take Berlin
WHY?
Germany Invaded
• U.S. and Britain bomb Germany
non-stop
Roosevelt Dies
• Ap. 12, 1945, President Roosevelt
dies (stroke)
• V.P. Harry Truman takes over
Germany Collapses
• German troops retreat
• Last stand in Berlin
Hitler Dead
• Commits suicide April 30, 1945
• May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders
May 8, 1945: V-E Day
Commanders
MacArthur
Nimitz
Strategy
• Move across Pacific, closer to
Japan then bomb until
surrender
Strategy
• Midway
• 78 different attacks
• Aug. 1942: Guadalcanal – Solomon
Island –
• 1943: New Georgia & New Guinea,
Bouganville, Tarawa – Gilbert Islands,
and take back Aleutians
Strategy
• 1944: Kwajalein
• Summer of 1944: Saipan,Tinian, and
Guam
• Oct 1944 – Aug 15, 1945: Back to
Phillippines
• Feb. 1945: Iwo Jima
• Ap, 1945: Okinowa
Island Hopping
Results
But at What Cost?
Guadalcanal – Solomon
Islands
• 1,004 Dead
New Georgia – New
Guinea
• 170 Dead
Bouganville
• 1,243 Dead
Tarawa, “Bloody Tarawa”
• 1,711 Dead
Aleutians
• 180 Dead
Kwajalein
• 372 Dead
Saipan
• 2,949 Dead
Japanese Suicides Saipan
Tinian
• 328 Dead
Guam
• 7,100 Dead
Philippines
• 4,438 Dead
Iwo Jima
• 2,093 Dead
Okinawa
• 7, 272 Dead
What did we want?
• Airfields
WHY?
• To bomb Japan
Then what?
• Invade Japan
Operation DOWNFALL
• Operation
• Operation
Olympic
Coronet
• October 1945
• Spring 1946
• Invade southern • Invade Tokyo
Island of Kyushu area
Cost
U.S.
1.7 million
casualties
400,000 –
800,000
dead
JAPAN
5 – 10
MILLION
DEAD
Before Atomic Bomb
• Japan fights back - Kamikaze
A BETTER IDEA
15,000 tons TNT
21,000 tons TNT
Then:
The Atomic Bomb
HIROSHIMA
AUGUST 6, 1945
• 80,000 dead
• 90,000 – 140,000 total
after exposure
• 69% destruction
NAGASAKI
AUGUST 9, 1945
• 60,000 – 80,000 dead
• I can list the events that led to
the outbreak of World War II
Answer – Ch. 24 Sec. 1
1.Totalitarian dictators gained power after
WW I.
2. Germany, Italy, and Japan started on a path
of military conquest
3.The United States tried to remain neutral in
world affairs
4.Germany and Russia agree not to hurt one
another then divide Poland when Germany
invades Poland
• I understand how the United
States moved from neutrality to
full involvement in the war.
Answers Ch. 24 Sec 2
1. The U.S. increased military production,
created a peace time draft and agreed to help
its allies.
2.The U.S. finally entered the war when the
Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7,
1941.
3.After the loss of the Philippines and most of
the South Pacific islands, the U.S. finally
beat the Japanese at the Battle of the Coral
Sea and the Germans in North Africa
I understand how the
home front responded
to American
participation in the war
Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 3
1.The U.S. asked for volunteers and drafted
men totaling 15 million
2.The U.S. created the War Production board
which controlled all factory products
3.American women took over the jobs left by
men, served in the military, grew victory
gardens, rationed consumer goods and did
everything necessary to win.
4.Even U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry
were locked up.
I can understand how
the Allies won World
War II and the results
Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 4
1. More tanks, more men, more supplies,
etc. and NO HITLER telling the U.S.
Generals what to do.
2. The development and dropping of the Abomb on Japan convinced them to
surrender.
3. 6 million Jews and countless millions of
other were murdered by the Nazis.
4. What happened to war criminals