Transcript world war two - WCHS SS30-IB

World War II
Topic B
Learning Guide 4
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Prelude to the invasion of France
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Part 1
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Q1. Why did France and Britain come to Poland’s
aid in September 1939?
•Sept. 3 1939 Britain / France declare war on Germany
•Did not want to be fooled by Hitler's negotiation tactics
•No longer trusted Hitler
•Support was a warning against further expansion ideas
•New technique - “Blitzkrieg”
•Surprise & Speed (conquered in one month)
•Two modern weapons
•Tanks & Warplane – Luftwaffe
•Poland wiped off the map. – parceled out between the
German Reich & the USSR
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Q.2 Why was the initial phase of the Second World
War called the Phoney War?
•No actual fighting occurred Oct. 1939 – April 1940
•Period from the fall of Poland until the invasion of Norway
•Posturing by both sides
•Hitler refines his attack plans
•West improve their defenses and wait
•Britain position along Belgium Border
•France along the Maginot Line
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Q3. Describe the term blitzkrieg.
•An intensive German bombing and use of force at a high
rate of speed to conquer a region
•A lightning war relying on rapid movement of
mechanized forces
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Territorial Challenges by Hitler
Finland
 Belgium
 France
 Britain
 USSR
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FALL OF FRANCE
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Q4. Describe the fall of France in 1940 and draw
the map.
•Hitler attacked Norway and neutral Denmark
•80% of Germany’s iron ore went through Norway
•Once Hitler seized Norway, he had ports which would
provide excellent bases for attacks on British shipping
•Hitler then invaded Holland, Belgium and France.
•Germans conquer Belgium & Holland in 1 week
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•Germans break through France Lines at Ardennes
•Two attacks separate British and French troops (encircle both)
•British & French fall back to Dunkirk
•Hitler wastes time deciding their fate
•Armada of boats from Brittan come to Dunkirk to evacuate 330
000 troops
•Germany enters Paris 14th of June.
•France falls in little over a month
•22nd France signs armistice
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Q5. Explain the partition of France in 1940 and
draw the map into your notes.
French allowed to govern the interior (new government set
up at Vinchy)
All civil liberties abolished
Ruled by decree
French cooperate in hopes of gaining POW’s
Vinchy government took its orders from Germany
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O.H
Battle of Britain
July 1940
Operation Sea Lion
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lend-Lease Act
March 11 1941
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Q6. lend-Lease Act aid the allies and end the
American’s policy of isolationism? March 11 1941
• It allowed for direct aid by the USA to Great Britain
March 11 1941
• They could obtain (through lending or leasing) any
material thought necessary by the government. to any
nation whose defense was vital to the USA economy
• Start of an economic war against Germany
• Secured naval and air bases for the USA (destroyers for
bases deal)
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OPERATION BARBAROSSA
O.H.
JUNE 1941
Battle of Stalingrad
Stalin attempts to renegotiate the pact.
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Q8. What factors contributed to the inability of the
Germans to defeat the Soviets in their initial
invasion?
•Endless supply of soldiers (4.7 million)
•Long supply lines
•Poor weather & lack of appropriated clothing & winter supplies
•Spread to thin
•Not enough human resources.
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El Alamein
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Map of Battle of El Alamein
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El Alamein
Italy/Libya /Egypt
Germany/British Egypt
Italy had occupied Libya since 1912, a
purely economic "expansion."
 British troops, under a 1936 treaty,
stationed to protect the Suez Canal
 Hitler had offered to aid Mussolini in his
invasion, to send German troops to help
fend off a British counterattack.
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At the start of the war, Italian troops in
Libya massively outnumbered British
forces in Egypt. The Italians finally moved
into Egypt in September 1940
 Two months later, the British attacked their
camps there and intercepted a large
column of retreating Italians.
 In three days they took nearly 40,000
prisoners.
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Rommel vs Montgomery
sent to defend the Italians.
 Germans focus on conquering Egypt and
the middle east.
 Goal is to cut off the allies supply of oil and
gas.
 Germany / Italy (surrendered Northern
Africa) defeated May 1943
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Q9. Why was control of the North Atlantic Ocean
critical to Great Britain and its allies?
•Germany had hoped to take advantage of this weak
link
•Any stoppage of goods could mean a German
victory
•Need for supplies needed to support the war.
•British imports fell from 50 million to 22 million tonnes
•USSR desperate for economic & military support
•Movement of military supplies to Europe & USSR
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Q11. Retrieval Chart Major battles of WWII Handout
Battle
Date/Location
Significance
Battle of Britain
July to Sept.1940
Unsuccessful
Stalingrad
Sept. 1942 Jan 1943
Massive defeat
El Alamein
Oct. 1942
Defeat of Ger.
D-Day
June 6 1944
German Retreat
Midway
June 1942
Allies control Pacific
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Aug. 1945
Ends the Pacific War
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THE TURNING POINTS IN EUROPE
Battle of Britain
July to Sept.
1940
Battle of Stalingrad
Sept. 1942 to Jan. 1943
D-Day June
6 1944
El Alamein Oct. 1942
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Q12. Outline the agreements made in each of the
following war time conferences.
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O.H./H.O. & Slides
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Atlantic Charter August 1941
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Atlantic Charter August 1941
FDR and Churchill
 Warship off the coast of Newfoundland.
 A joint statement emphasising their
support of democratic principles which
should prevail after the war. (U.N)
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Casablanca
Jan. 24th 1943
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Casablanca
Jan. 24th 1943
Roosevelt / Churchill /de Gaulle
 Demand for unconditional surrender of
axis
 Aid to the USSR
 Agreed to invade Sicily & Italy
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MOSCOW CONFERENCE
OCT. 1943
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USA, GB, USSR, CHINA
Cooperation against axis
Unconditional surrender of Germany, Italy,& Japan
Discussion of a world peace organization
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'That [the four powers] recognise the necessity of establishing at
the earliest practicable date a general international organisation,
based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peaceloving states, and open to membership by all such states, large
and small, for the maintenance of international peace and
security.’ (clause 4)
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The Teheran Conference
Nov. 1943
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The Teheran Conference
Nov. 1943
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“Big three” Stalin, Churchill, & Roosevelt.
Review military strategy
Not if full agreement disagreed on invasion point.
Churchill proposal a second front in Balkans
Stalin Guaranteed a second front in Europe in spring
1944
Stalin promised a major offensive from the east at the
same time.
Could not agree on the boundaries for Poland.
Agreements reached that Germany would be divided
Allied troops would pull out of Iran.
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Yalta
February 1945
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Yalta
February 1945
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“Big Three” meet for the last time
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USSR 40 miles from Berlin. Hmmm !!!!
Germany would be divided into 4 zones of occupation
Poland’s boundaries would be altered.
Poland would be left to choose freely its own
government.
USSR would enter the war against Japan after the
defeat of Germany
 USSR to get southern part of Sakahalin and the Kuril
Islands
 Rights to Manchuria
 Other territorial privileges in the far east.
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Yalta
cont.
Continue with their thoughts about the U.N.Call for a
conference of nations to promote peace and security
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Potsdam 3 conference
July 16th – August 2nd 1945
rd
Stalin,
Atlee (G.B.) & Truman (USA)
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Potsdam cont.
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War is over in Europe
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Mistrust between
USSR and West
grows.
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Potsdam cont.
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Atomic bomb is
ready to go!!!
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Potsdam cont.
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Final Boundaries
for the German
occupation zones
was decided,
including Berlin.
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Potsdam cont.
 Germany
to pay reparations
 De-nazification
 Demilitarization
 Democratization
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Soviets would occupy Korea N of the 38// & supervise
the Japanese surrender.
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Provisional government in Poland.
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Poland’s borders would be realigned.
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WAR CRIMES
Nuremburg Trials
 Nazis accused of war
crimes would be
brought to trial.
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Q16 Holocaust
Video World at War Genocide: 1941 – 45 60.00 minutes.
Nuremburg Trials 1945 - 1949
Established the international precedent of holding individuals responsible for war crimes.
Type of Crime
Examples of this Crime
Crimes Against Peace
Planning
or preparing for war
Waging a war of aggression
Violating international treaties
War Crimes
Violations
Crimes Against Humanity
Murder
of rules for war
Murder, slave labour, mistreatment
of civilians or prisoners of war
Unnecessary destruction of civilian
targets
or extermination,
enslavement, inhumane acts against
civilians because of political, racial,
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Nuremburg trials chart
or religious reasons.
2:15
1:08
D-DAY
Operation Overlord
•June 6th 1944
•Largest seaborne invasion in history
•2nd front -----Teheran Conference
•April 1945 invasion of Berlin
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JAPAN VS USA
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Q7. Why and how did Japan draw
the USA into WWII?
•1939 trade restrictions placed on Japan by USA
following Japan’s invasion of China Manchuria
invasion.
•June 1940 Establishing of the Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere to ensure Japan access to
resources and markets.
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Japan vs. USA cont.
•Japan looking to expand their resources & living
space to complete industrialization.
•American petroleum, steel, iron, copper &
industrial machinery, aviation fuel, scrape metal
were restricted, eventually all trade terminates.
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Map Japanese Expansion in the
Pacific
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•USA stationed pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor as a
deterrent to Japans occupation in Northern
Indochina (threat to British naval base in
Singapore & oil supplies in Dutch East Indies)
•Removal of the Pacific Fleet removes American
power to resist Japanese territorial expansion in
Eastern Asia
•Japan’s choice negotiate or go to war
•Dec.7 1941 Pearl Harbor attacked.
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1.55
USA in Midway
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Q.10 Explain the Allied strategy in the Pacific theatre of
war. What part did the Soviets Play?
•“Europe
First” then Japan
•Soviet invasion of Manchuria would not allow the
Japanese's to return their army to defend the
homeland
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Q14. Explain the twofold significance of the
American possession of the Atomic Bomb by July
1945.
•No loss of American troops
clip
•Quicker end to the war
•No need for Soviet support
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Q.15. How and when did the Pacific War end?
Hiroshima 2:56
•Dropping of bombs made a Japanese invasion
unnecessary
• Japanese surrendered September 2, 1945 Missouri
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Q17. Assignment: Was Hiroshima
needed to end the war?
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1. What does J. Samuel Walker say about the claim that “Hiroshima was done to
save hundreds of thousands of American lives”?
•He believes that the bomb was not necessary, since the Americans knew
from intercepted transmissions that the Japanese would surrender as long
as they could retain their emperor. He thinks that the bomb was used so
that Japan would surrender before the Soviets joined the fight, and as a
result cut them out of territorial clams,
2. For what 3 reasons do the authors claim that the bomb was not necessary?
1. Intercepted messages stated that Japan wished to end the war and would
as long as they could retain their emperor.
2. The entry of the Soviets into the war would tip the balances against
Japan.
3. The American’s had no intentions of eliminating the Emperor.
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3.What did Professor Bernstein discover from declassified American documents?
He discovered that military estimates of the worst case prediction was only 46 000
lives, not the 500 000 claimed, even if an invasions had take place.
4. What was discovered from a “top secret War Department intelligence study”?
•It states that the Japanese were in such dire straits in the summer of 1945 that
even a preliminary November landing on Kyshu island was only a “remote”
possibility and that a full assault of the Japanese main home islands in the
spring of 1946”would not have been necessary.
•Japan would have surrendered without the dropping of the Atomic bombs.
5. Why might Truman have “lost interest in a major Red Army attack?”
•If the war was ended without Russia being involved in so much of the kill, and
then would not be in a position to make claims in China.
•Soviet help was not needed in order to make the Japanese surrender.
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6. Why do some scholars believe that Hiroshima “had as much to do with the
origins of the cold war as with the end of the Second World War?
•The Bomb was not dropped to force the Japanese to surrender, but to warn the
Soviets.
•The decision to bomb Japan was centrally connected to Truman’s
confrontational approach to the Soviet Union.
•As a result of the bombing, the Soviets stepped up their nuclear efforts to catch
up with the American which did the same to stay ahead.
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