Transcript The Origins of the Cold War - Werkmeisteramericanhistory

HOLT
The American Nation
Chapter 28
THE COLD WAR
Section 1: Healing the Wounds of War
Section 2: The Cold War Begins
Section 3: The Cold War Turns Hot
Section 4: The Cold War at Home
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Section 1: Healing the Wounds of War
Objectives:
 What actions did Allied forces take to stabilize
Germany and Japan after the war?
 How did the Allied Powers try war criminals?
 Why was the United Nations founded, and how
was it organized?
 What events led to the founding of the new
country of Israel, and how did Arab countries
respond?
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Occupying Germany
 Germany was defeated by the British (and Canadians) and Americans
from the west and the Soviet Union from the east
 These nations decided at Yalta that they would divide the
responsibility of occupying German territory after the war
 Russian troops dominated most of eastern Europe and Eastern
Germany
 Soviets had interests in Eastern Europe that differed from the westMore later
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Berlin was divided as well as Germany
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Section 1: Healing the Wounds of War
Stabilizing Germany
 Germany divided into four occupation zones under
Allied control.
 Western- France, Britain and America
 Easter- Soviet Union
 Nazi Party crushed and local governments reestablished.
 Refugees returned to their homes.
 Soviets carted off industrial infrastructure to replace
factories destroyed by German invasion
(reparations)
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Section 1: Healing the Wounds of War
Occupying and stabilizing Japan
 Emperor maintained after war, but he had no power
 Government run by American army
 Japanese most cooperative with occupation
 Japanese military demilitarized
 Army of 5 million reduced to 100,000 self defense force
 Democratic government and constitution created.
 Greater democracy
 Economy reformed.
 Fear of a poor and weak Japan as a possible communist state
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Questions to consider…
 Why would Germany be jointly occupied while Japan was
occupied only by America?
 What factors would contribute to the success of the
occupation?
 How long do you believe the occupation would last?
 Two options: Should the former axis questions be
encouraged to rebuild industry at the risk of regaining
military power, or should they be kept weak and
dependent?
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Section 1: Healing the Wounds of War
War crimes trials
 Some Nazi leaders were sentenced to death, but most
received jail sentences; many Nazis escaped.
 Japan’s premier, Hideki Tojo was among the Japanese
sentenced to death.
 Trials set important standards for international law
and the conduct of war.
 The trials established that countries and individuals
were accountable for their actions during war.
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What do you think?
 How might a war crime be different than a more
common act of war?
 How responsible is the individual in committing
these crimes when under the direction of
superiors?
 What responsibilities do you believe the individual
has in resisting immoral directives?
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Section 1: Healing the Wounds of War
The United Nations
 founded to promote world peace, human
rights, and equality
 founded to show respect for justice and
treaty obligations
 founded to aid social progress and improve
standards of living
 General Assembly included all member
nations.
 Security Council included U.S., Great
Britain, France, China, the Soviet Union,
and 10 additional rotating members.
 1945- 50 countries- today 191 countries
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Section 1: Healing the Wounds of War
The founding of Israel
 Many European Jews sought a home in Palestine after the
Holocaust.
 Britain had ruled Palestine since World War I but could not
resolve conflicting claims to it.
 The UN created a partition plan and the British withdrew.
 Jews accepted the plan and proclaimed the state of Israel.
 Arabs rejected the proposal and attacked Israel.
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HOLT
SECTION 1
The
American
Nation
Healing the Wounds of War
Question:
What events led to the
founding of Israel, and what
were Arab countries’
responses?
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HOLT
SECTION 1
The
American
Nation
Healing the Wounds of War
Founding of Israel
Arab countries’
responses
After World War II, European Jews settle in Palestine.
UN creates partition plan for Palestine.
Reject UN plan
British forces withdraw from Palestine.
State of Israel proclaimed.
Refuse to
recognize
Israel; attack
Israel
1949 UN plan divides Jerusalem.
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Activity: Create a Children’s Book
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