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The Cold War
UNIT 5 LESSON 2
Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cold War
Yalta
Potsdam
NATO
Berlin Airlift
Communism
Marshall Plan
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Korean War
Cuban Missile Crisis
Bay of Pigs
Vietnam
Space Race
Origins of the Cold War

US, USSR, Great Britain unnatural allies during
World War II



US, Britain disagree with USSR’s policies & treatment
of citizens
USSR sees the west as decadent and natural
ideological enemies
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945)



Big 3
Decided on USSR declaration of war vs. Japan,
setting up of International Military Tribunal
Free elections for Eastern Europe
Allies Meet in Berlin, 1945

USSR, US, and
Britain agree on
peace treaties
Problems between allies
 USSR
Doesn’t want to leave Eastern
Europe
 US, Britain want Eastern Europe to be free
and democratic
Stalin Breaks Promises

Stalin arranges procommunist
governments in
Eastern European
countries

1946: “Iron Curtain”
descends
What do they want?
Allies A unified, allied Germany
USSR (Russia) A weak, divided Germany

Free, democratic
elections in Europe

A “buffer” of friendly
countries to protect its
border

To stop communism from
spreading

To spread communism to
neighbors
What is a cold War?
– no actual shots fired
Hot war- active military
engagement
How long did it go on?
From about 1945 to 1991
Cold
Atomic Bomb
 U.S.
Drops the Atomic Bomb on Japan
 Yalta Conference 1945 Stalin, Churchill,
And FDR – Needed to figure what was
going to be done with Europe after the war
 Agreed on free elections in Poland
 With the election in Poland it looked like it
was going to be anti USSR so Stalin
refused to allow free elections
Roosevelt comes home from
Yalta
 With
the promise of Free elections in
Eastern Europe – Stalin actually had no
intention of giving up these areas
 Potsdam- Truman tells Stalin the U.S. has
the Bomb. Stalin does not commit to free
elections in Eastern Europe
 Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” Speech – Tells
about the spread of Communism – Divided
Eastern and Western Europe
After WWII
 USSR
– still has most factories and large
Army
 USA - had the atomic bomb with their
cities and farms are still intact
The Truman Doctrine (1947)

World divided into free and
enslaved states
 US to support all
movements for democracy
 “containment” of
Communism
 NATO and the Warsaw
Pact established

Militarization of Cold War
The Truman Doctrine
Gives money to Greece and Turkey to
fight off communism – gives $400,000,000
Containment – George Kennan – to stop
the spread of Communism
 Marshall Plan: Economic recovery
program in Western Europe – $13 billion in
aid
 Molotov plan: the soviets economic
recovery program in Eastern Europe
The Marshall Plan

Proposed in 1947, $13
billion to reconstruct
western Europe

The United Nations
formed (1945) to resolve
international disputes
Division of Germany
 Germany
was divided into four separate
zones after the end of WWII.
 Each zone would be occupied and
governed by the military forces of the
U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet
Union.
 Germany was also forced to pay over $20
billion in reparations.
Soviet Blockade in Berlin
 Soviets
occupied Eastern Germany
 France, U.S. G.B. Controlled the west
Germany
 Berlin is also divide up into 4 sections
 USSR blockades West Berlin
 The west starts to fly in supplies into Berlin
End of the Berlin Airlift
 U.S.
Showed the world how far they were
willing to go to protect democracy and
contain communism
Question 4
 Why
did Stalin create a blockade of west
Berlin?
 What would of happened if the U.S.S.R
shot down an allied plane?
China
 Nationalists
of Jiang Jeist – supported by
the U.S.
 Jiang Jeist Nationalists Vs. Communist
 Civil war



1949China becomes communist
Mao Tse-Tung – leader
China is the world’s largest population
Great Leap Forward
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry

Failed due to poor quality of
►products,
Communes
poor weather hurt
 Groups of people who live and work
agriculture
together
 Property held in common
 Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of
products, poor weather hurt
agriculture
NATO
 North
Atlantic Treaty Organization
 An Attack on G.B. France, Netherlands,
Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Greece
and Turkey, would be considered attack
on the U.S.
USSR gets the bomb
 September
1949 USSR exploded their first
atomic bomb
 In response the U.S. builds the Hydrogen
bomb – USSR 1yr later test one of their
own
 Mutually assured destruction (MAD)
Korea
 After
WWII Korea became divided into two
different sections
 N. Korea became a soviet Satellite
 South Korea became an American and
United Nations sponsored nation
 N. Korea attack’s S. Korea to force a
unification on Communist’s terms
 U.S. Police action
Police Action
 General
MacArthur
 38th Parallel
 Drives the N. Korea’s back to China
 China joins the war
 Truman fires MacArthur – MacArthur –
wanted to attack China.
 Truman did not. MacArthur openly
disagreed with the President
The Forgotten War
 General
Eisenhower won the Presidency
in 1952 “ Promise to end the war”
 Eisenhower threatened Nuclear Attack
 Ends in a stalemate in July of 1953
 1.4 million N. Korean and Chinese soldiers
were killed
 2 million civilians
 54,000 American soldiers
Warsaw Pact
The Soviet Union and 7 eastern European
nations signed the Warsaw Pact, which
served a communist military counter to
NATO
Members are not free to leave
Falling Domino Principle
President Eisenhower takes
over
 Instead
of building up a conventional
military he focuses on building nuclear
weapons and planes, missiles and
submarines that can carry them.
 Massive Retaliation:
 John Foster Dulles, Brinkmanship:
 Joseph Stalin dies – Nikita Khrushchev
 July 1955 Eisenhower and Khrushchev
meet at Geneva “peaceful co-existence”
The Cold War Goes Global
 Poland
workers riot against USSR and
gained greater control of the government.
 Hungary- wanted to have pro Soviet
Hungarian officials removed. Khrushchev responded brutality and killed
the protesters. And restored the hard line
communist government
 U.S. sat and watched as this happened
Space Race
 Sputnik-
first satellite to orbit the earth
 U.S. creates NASA
 Both countries spend money on education
and military defense
CUBA
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Cuba
 Fulgencio
Batista
 Fidel Castro
 Cuba turn Communist
 Bay of Pigs
 Cuban Missile Crisis