Transcript End of WWII wld hist

BELLWORK
1. What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
2. What was D-Day?
3. How did the invasion of North Africa help
the Allies attack Italy? (think about the
locations!)
4. THINKER: Once Italy & Germany
surrender, Japan is left to fight U.S.,
Britain, France & the Soviet Union on
their own. With no allies left, why do you
think Japan continued to fight?
Battle of
Stalingrad
Invasion of North Africa
Italian Surrender
• In early 1944, Allied
Powers had gained
back control of
Northern Africa and
Italy
• Fascism fell from
power
• Mussolini was
overthrown
• In June 1944, Italy
surrendered!
D-Day
• June 6, 1944
• Largest combined land-sea-air battle in history
• Allied forces landed on Normandy Beach (France) and
pushed the Germans back
• Turning point of WWII
Battle of the Bulge
• Germany’s last
offensive attack
• Invaded Belgium
and created a
“bulge” in Allied
defense lines
• Germans lost and
were pushed back
Mussolini’s Death
• Italian government
wanted to punish
Mussolini for war crimes
• Tried to escape to
Switzerland
• He was caught by
soldiers and executed
the next day
• Shot by firing squad,
body hung in city where
civilians beat, kicked,
spat, and stoned his
dead body.
FDR’s Death
"Men will thank God on their
knees a hundred years from
now that Franklin D. Roosevelt
was in the White House”
• FDR was elected to
his 4th term in 1944;
with a new VP
• After 12 years in
office and four
presidential terms,
FDR died on April
12, 1945
• Died from a cerebral
hemorrhage (stroke)
• Replaced by VP
Harry Truman
Death of Hitler
• The Allies
surrounded Germany
and it became clear
the Axis powers
would lose.
• Hitler committed
suicide in an
underground bunker
on April 30, 1945
War in Europe is over!
• Berlin fell to the
Allies on May 2,
1945
• Germany
surrenders
• May 8th: V-E Day
(Victory in
Europe)
• Who is left?
WWII Review
• Show the map!
WWII in the Pacific
Japan – from aggression to
surrender
• Japan forced soldiers from Korea,
Thailand, Burma & India to fight for
their army.
• By 1945, several countries were
aiding US efforts in the Pacific:
Canada, Australia, China,
Philippines, New Zealand and the
Netherlands (b/c of Dutch East
Indies)
• Between 1942 and 1945, the
Pacific War was fought in 4 main
areas: China, Central Pacific, SE
Asia & SW Pacific
• SU declares war on Japan in
August 1945, and fights mostly
inland battles in China against
• Japan attacks American and British
military bases across the Western
Pacific.
• Rapid conquests of Hong Kong, Burma,
New Guinea, India
• Strong Japanese Navy sinks British
aircraft carriers
• Navy used kamikazes, or suicide planes
Kamikaze
• By mid-1942 it became
difficult for Japanese to
maintain control of vast
empire.
• Code talkers discovered
several planned attacks
• American forces began
island hopping: a military
strategy of attacking specific
enemy-held islands.
• Battle of Midway: (6/4/1942)
U.S. wins its first Pacific battle
by fighting entirely from the air
and destroying the Japanese
navy.
U.S. aircraft carrier, Lexington under
attack in the Battle of the Coral Sea
• Battle of Guadalcanal: First Japanese-held
territory conquered by the U.S.
• Battle of Leyte Gulf: Greatest naval battle in
history; vital to stop oil production.
• Battle of Iwo Jima: Japan is outnumbered;
clear victory
• Battle of Okinawa: Last obstacle to an Allied
invasion of the Japanese home islands.
• Began bombing campaign in Tokyo
• A 1941 top secret plan to develop the
first atomic bomb.
• Combination of scientists and
physicists
–Albert Einstein
–Robert Oppenheimer
• Presidential approval
–FDR
–Truman
Victory over Japan
• Truman warned Japan that if they didn’t surrender,
they could expect a “rain of ruin from the air”
•Enola Gay dropped
the first atomic
bomb on Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945
•The second was
dropped on
Nagasaki on August
9, 1945
• TO THE JAPANESE PEOPLE:
America asks that you take immediate heed of what we say on
this leaflet.
• We are in possession of the most destructive explosive ever
devised by man. A single one of our newly developed atomic
bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what
2000 of our giant B-29s can carry on a single mission. This
awful fact is one for you to ponder and we solemnly assure you
it is grimly accurate.
• We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the
work of building a new, better and peace-loving Japan.
• You should take steps now to cease military resistance.
Otherwise, we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our
other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.
• ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE. EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.
Because your military leaders have rejected the thirteen part surrender
declaration, two momentous events have occurred in the last few days.
• The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on the part of the military has
notified your Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your nation. Thus,
all powerful countries of the world are now at war with you.
• Also, because of your leaders' refusal to accept the surrender declaration
that would enable Japan to honorably end this useless war, we have
employed our atomic bomb.
• A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent
in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s could have carried on a
single mission. Radio Tokyo has told you that with the first use of this
weapon of total destruction, Hiroshima was virtually destroyed.
• Before we use this bomb again and again to destroy every resource of the
military by which they are prolonging this useless war, petition the emperor
now to end the war. Our president has outlined for you the thirteen
consequences of an honorable surrender. We urge that you accept these
consequences and begin the work of building a new, better, and peace-loving
Japan.
• Act at once or we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior
weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.
• EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.
Ground Temperature
7000F
Force Winds
980mph
Energy Released
20,000 tons of TNT
Buildings Destroyed
62,000
Killed Immediately
80,000 people
Dead by end of 1945
140,000 people
Total Deaths
220,000 people
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Surrender
Japan surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur
on September 2, 1945
Hideki Tojo
Found guilty of war
crimes & sentenced
to death!
End of
WWII
Effects of WWII
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70 million soldiers fought in WWII
55 million died
Soviet Union – 22 million
Germany – 8 million
Japan – 2 million
United States – 300,000
In addition to casualties, many areas of Europe
and Asia laid in ruins
• Use of deadly weapons and fighting tactics
made WWII the most destructive war in history!
Closure
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What was D-Day?
What was the Battle of the Bulge?
What is Island Hopping?
What led to the surrender of Italy,
Germany, and Japan?
• Do you think the atomic bomb was
the right thing to do? Why or why
not?
Yalta Conference
• February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and
Stalin met at Yalta (Soviet Union) to
discuss the postwar world
• Formed the United Nations
• Divide Germany and Berlin into four zones
• Stalin obtained Poland if he promised to
allow free elections
• Stalin gained Pacific islands if he
promised to declare war on Japan
KEEP IN MIND:
Stalin is gong to break these promises = COLD WAR!!!!