Transcript File

Who Would You Vote For?
Contestant
#1
I am a womanizer, have
self-interested policies,
and suffer from poor
health.
Contestant
#3
I am a war hero,
do not drink, and
want to create a
stable economy.
Contestant
#2
I have a drinking
habit and a defiant
tongue and
attitude.
Contestant # 1
Franklin D. Roosevelt
President of U.S.A. during
WWII
Contestant # 2
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain
during WWII
Contestant # 3
Adolf Hitler
Chancellor of Germany during
WWII
Remember the long term
causes…
• The circumstances of the world after the
war (Depression, resentment, etc.) helped
paved the way for war
• Also, some would argue that “the man”
(the charisma of different leaders) played a
role in leading to war
THE OUTBREAK OF WWII
WHO WAS MOST RESPONSIBLE:
THE ALLIES OR ADOLF HITLER?
How international diplomacy
aims to secure world peace
• 1919 League of Nations
• -created after WWI to help keep countries
accountable to others and stop aggressors
• 1930 The Appeasement System
What was Appeasement?
• the policy of making concessions to the
dictatorial powers in order to avoid
conflict
Reasons for
appeasement
• 1. The British people wanted peace - they would not have
supported a war in 1938.
• 2. Many of Hitler's complaints appeared reasonable at the
time - especially about the Treaty of Versailles.
• 3. Chamberlain wanted a strong Germany to serve as a
barrier against expansion by communist Russia.
• 4. Britain's armed forces were not ready for a war, and
they could not have helped Czechoslovakia anyway.
• 5. Many people admired Hitler.
• 6. Chamberlain remembered the slaughter of the First
World War; he thought another war would destroy
civilisation.
The British people wanted peace
• "...the feeling in
the House [of
Commons] is
terribly proGerman, which
means afraid of
war." H Nicholson,
British MP.
Many of Hitler's complaints appeared
reasonable at the time - especially
about the Treaty of Versailles
• ARMY OF 100,000 NOT REASONABLE
• MORE THAN ONE NATION GUILTY FOR
STARTING WORLD WAR TWO
• NOT ALLOWED A NAVY OR AN AIR FORCE
• NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY NOT ALLOWED
FOR GERMANY BUT WAS FOR OTHER
NATIONALITIES
Chamberlain wanted a strong
Germany to serve as a barrier against
expansion by communist Russia.
“Our Government is much
more
afraid
of
Communism than it is of
Fascism.”
• British journalist John
Langdon-Davies, 1936
Britain's armed forces were not
ready for a war
• DUE TO THE
DEPRESSION AND
THE NEED FOR
BALANCED
BUDGETS BRITAIN
DID NOT KEEP UP
ITS EXPENDITURE
Many people admired Hitler
•
In 1938, the American
magazine 'Time' declared him
'Man of the Year'
Chamberlain remembered the slaughter of the First
World War; he thought another war would destroy
civilisation
Japan and Italy Test the Waters
• Japan looking to expand natural resources in order to build a
modern industrial economy. Therefore, invaded resource rich
Manchuria, China.
• China appealed to the League, however other countries dealing
with own issues (depression).
• Italy, ran by Mussolini saw an opportunity to expand its empire
without any consequence from the League.
• Mussolini was right, Italy expanded its empire by taking over
Ethiopia.
• League again did nothing to help.
• Prime Minister King was afraid of starting another war and also
worried about issue of conscription (French v English).
HITLER COMES TO POWER
IN 1933
GOAL OF RESTORING
GERMAN PRIDE
The Goal of
Lebensraum: Living
space
HITLER RE-ARMS GERMANY
Remilitarization of the
Rhineland
• "...no more than the
Germans walking
into their own
backyard." Lord
Lothian
HITLER TAKES OVER
AUSTRIA
MUNICH CRISIS
• 12-13 September
1938:
• Hitler encourages, leader
of the Sudeten Nazis, to
rebel, and demands a
union with Germany.
When the Czech
government declares
martial law, Hitler
threatens war.
MUNICH CRISIS
• Chamberlain goes to see
Hitler at Berchtesgaden.
Without consulting
Czechoslovakia, he
promises to give Hitler all
the areas where more
than 50 per cent of the
population is German.
Then he persuades
France to agree.
TIMELINE OF MUNICH
CRISIS
• Chamberlain goes to Bad
Godesberg to tell Hitler
about the decision, but
Hitler now demands ALL
the Sudetenland.
Chamberlain refuses; it
looks like war.
Chamberlain calls the
crisis 'a quarrel in a
faraway country,
between people of whom
we know nothing'.
MUNICH CRISIS 1938
• At Munich, France and
Britain agree to give
Hitler the Sudetenland.
Chamberlain waves 'a
piece of paper' with
Hitler's statement that he
does not want to go to
war. German troops
march into the
Sudetenland
CHAMBERLAIN’S DEFENCE
OF MUNICH
• How horrible, fantastic, incredible it is, that we should be
digging trenches and trying on gas-masks here, because of a
quarrel in a faraway country between people of whom we
know nothing...
• However much we may sympathise with a small nation
confronted by a big and powerful neighbour, we cannot in all
circumstances undertake to involve the whole British Empire
in war simply on her account. If we have to fight, it must be
on larger issues than that. I am myself a man of peace to the
depths of my soul; armed conflict between nations is a
nightmare to me... War is a fearful thing, and we must be
very clear before we embark on it, that it is really the great
issues that are at stake.
• Neville Chamberlain
RESULTS OF APPEASEMENT
• Czechoslovakia was weakened. Poland and Hungary took other
land.
• Britain gained a year to build up its armed forces, but so did
Hitler.
• Hitler decided that Britain and France were afraid of him, and
that they would not stop him whatever he did.
• Russia decided that Britain and France would never stand up
to Hitler, and that war with Germany was inevitable.
• The people of Britain realised that they had been duped, and
decided that war was inevitable.
• It improved the war morale of the British people, who knew
they had done everything possible to avoid war.
The Road to War
• March 1939-Nazi leaders take over
Czechoslovakia. It ceases to exist as a
country
• Hitler demands Polish territory. Britain and
France promise to go to war if Poland is
attacked
The Road to War
• August, 1939-Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact—
secretly agree to divide up Poland and other parts
of Eastern Europe
• Sept. 1, 1939-Nazis invade Poland
• Sept. 3, 1939-Britain and France declare war
• Sept. 9, 1939-Canada declared war on Germany
• Sept. 17, 1939-Russia invaded Poland from East
**the world is now at war again**