Transcript File - Mr. Harrison`s Website

World War II
Dictators Threaten World
Peace
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty that ended World War I
– Germany could not build a military
– Germany gave up its colonies
– Germany had to pay reparations to
France and Britain
– War Guilt Clause – Germany accepted
FULL responsibility for World War I
Europe and the Depression
The Great
Depression was a
world wide event, and
hit Europe hard too
– As Countries
experienced economic
hardships many
governments were
overthrown
Soviet Union
Russia became the Communist Soviet
Union in 1922
– Communism – government controls business
and industry
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin – leader
of Soviet Union
– Government took over
all farms and industry
– By 1937 – SU was the
world’s 2nd largest
industrial power
Totalitarianism
Stalin kills anyone who stands in his way.
Stalin’s regime killed approximately 8-13
million Russians during his reign.
Totalitarian Government – individuals
have no rights, the government eliminates
all opposition.
Italy
Benito Mussolini
establishes
totalitarianism in Italy
called Fascism
Called “Il Duce”
(The Leader)
Fascism
Fascism – extreme nationalism where
interest of the state is over the interest of
the individual.
Power must rest in a single strong leader
Germany
Weimar Republic – democratic
government set up after World War I
Germany elected members of the Nazi
Party to lead positions.
Adolf Hitler – became Chancellor of
Germany
Germany – Adolf Hitler
Writes autobiography:
Mein Kampf (My
Struggle)
Elected as Chancellor
Disassembles Weimar
Republic
Sets up the Third Reich
Hitler’s Convictions
Hitler’s plan for Germany summarized in
“Race and Space”
1. Uniting German speaking people with
Germany
2. Racial Purification – Aryan master race
3. Expand the borders of Germany for more
land and resources.
Skill Builder Pg 530
Graphic Pg 531
Comp/Contrast Totalitarian Leaders
Expansion Starts
Axis Powers develop – Italy, Germany,
Japan
Start expanding their power through
conquests:
– Japan – Manchuria
– Italy – Ethiopia
– Germany - Europe
Japan
Needed more
resources and land
1931- Invaded
Chinese province of
Manchuria
Success of the
invasion gave
militarists control of
Japan.
Invasion of Manchuria
Skill Builder pg 530
Italy
Italy invades Ethiopia for more natural
resources.
US Response
Isolationism – staying
out of the world’s
conflicts.
1935 – Neutrality Acts
– Made it illegal to sell
weapons or loan
money to countries
who were at war.
Political Cartoon Pg 534
Skill Builder
Political Cartoon Activity
In groups, analyze political cartoons of Dr.
Seuss to decipher his opinions about
isolationism.
EVERYONE will write answers to turn in
with their daily work packets.
Practice
Group
1
Group
2
Group 3
Group
4
Group
5
War in Europe
Chapter 16
Section 2
Appeasement
Britain and France could not afford to fight
another war.
Developed policy of appeasement with
Hitler
Appeasement – giving up principles to
pacify an aggressor
The Anschluss
Austria had a large
German-speaking
population
March 12, 1938 –
German troops march
into Austria and take
over.
No consequences from
the world.
The Anschluss
Czechoslovakia
3 million German speaking people lived on
the western border called the Sudetenland
Hitler wanted Czechoslovakia for land and
resources.
Hitler calls a meeting with France and
Britain.
Munich Conference
Munich Conference included:
– Germany, France, and Britain
Hitler called the Sudetenland his “last
territorial demand”
Britain and France agreed to avoid war.
Sep. 30, 1938 – Munich Agreement
signed.
Munich Agreement
Non-Aggression Pact
March 15, 1939
– Germany invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
August 23, 1939
– Stalin (SU) and Hitler (Germany) sign a
Non-aggression Pact promising not to attack
each other.
– Secret Pact – divide Poland after invasion
Eliminated the fear of 2-front war.
Invasion of Poland
September 1, 1939
– Germany invades Poland
– Blitzkrieg – “Lightning Warfare”
Uses tanks and aircraft to push through
quick
– Luftwaffe (German Air force) bombed
Poland’s military bases and infrastructure
Blitzkrieg
Invasion of Poland
Invasion of Poland
Sep 3, 1939 – Britain and France declare
war on Germany
Took over 3 weeks to build up a defense
system.
The Phony War
French and British troops sit and protect
the Maginot Line
Maginot Line –defense border built
between France and Germany
The Phony War
Phony War Ends
April 9, 1940 – Hitler launched surprise
invasion of Denmark and Norway
To build bases along the coasts to attack
Great Britain
Then, took over Netherlands, Belgium,
and Luxembourg
Phony war ends by end of May 1940
Fall of France
Germany worked its way around the
Maginot Line:
– Invasion of Belgium gave them access
– Ardennes Forrest – Britain and France
thought it was impossible to attack through.
Troops flee to Dunkirk
Almost 400,000 British
and French soldiers
flee to beaches of
Dunkirk, France
Used fishing boats and
barges to get people to
Britain across the
English Channel.
Battle of Britain
Summer 1940 – Luftwaffe began bombing
Britain
Was trying to destroy the RAF
(Britain’s Royal Airforce)
Bombed London every night for 2 months.
Battle of Britain
Invention of radar allowed them to fight
German planes in the dark.
Hitler eventually called off the invasion of
Britain indefinitely.
“Never in the field of human conflict, was so
much owed by so many to so few”
– Winston Churchill