Transcript Peace Collapse Power Point

International Peace Collapse
Great Britain Soccer team playing in Germany.
Appeasement and it’s
affect on the League of
Nations
Appeasement
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A policy aimed at avoiding war by making
concessions (give in) to another power.
Reasons for Appeasement
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The following are the top 5 reasons why
Appeasement became policy.
Some people believe in Hitler's Policies
 Some believe that a strong Germany would stop the
spread of communist Russia
 Many people felt that the business in Europe was
not their concern.
 Many people wanted peace
 Many thought the Treaty of Versailles was to harsh.
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8 results of Appeasement
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Let Hitler grow stronger.
Gave England time to rearm.
Humiliated England and countries no longer trusted them.
Abandoned (gave) many people to the Nazis.
Caused WWII by allowing Hitler to think he could do
anything.
6. Gave Britian the moral high ground when war came
because they knew they did everything possible to keep
peace.
7. Would have never stopped Hitler because he was determined to go to
war.
8. Was the final attempt to save millions of people by
preventing war.
Manchuria
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The Nationalist government of China led by Chiang
Kai-shek was weak, corrupt and busy fighting the
Communists.
Because of the Great Depression, Japan wanted to
build an empire to secure supplies of raw materials.
The Japanese government was controlled by the army.
China ruled Manchuria, but the Japanese army
ran the railway there, and ruled in Korea.
Manchuria
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Sept 1931: There was some vandalism on the
Manchurian railway; Japan claimed the Chinese
had sabotaged the railway.
They invaded Manchuria and set up the
'independent' (i.e. Japanese-controlled) state of
Manchukuo under the former Emperor of
China, Henry P'ui.
China appealed to the League.
Manchuria
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Dec 1931: the League appointed a commission
led by Lord Lytton to investigate.
He did not go to Manchuria until April 1932
and did not report until October.
Oct 1932: Lytton's report stated that Japan was
the aggressor and should leave.
24 Feb 1933: The Assembly voted that Japan
should leave Manchuria
Japan walked out of the meeting.
Manchuria
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Japan stayed in Manchuria.
The League could not agree economic
sanctions or an arms sales ban.
In 1933 Japan resigned from the League, and
invaded/ conquered Jehol (next to Manchuria).
Manchuria
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SPECTACULAR failure:
1. The Japanese continued to expand:
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they kept Manchuria
they invaded Jehol in 1933 and China in 1937.
Manchuria
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A SPECTACULAR failure:
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2. The League was discredited/ Manchuria showed:
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It was slow (the Lytton Report took almost a year
A country could get its own way if it ignored it
‘Collective security' was useless against big
countries - especially during the Great Depression.
Even the great powers within the League (Japan
was on the Council) were happy to ignore it.
Abyssinia
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The Dispute:
Mussolini got ready to invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
He wanted war and glory.
 Abyssinia asked the League to help.
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Abyssinia
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What the League did:
The League talked to Mussolini–but he used the time
to send an army to Africa.
 The League suggested a plan to give part of
Abyssinia to Italy.
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Abyssinia
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The Outcome:
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Mussolini ignored the League, and invaded Abyssinia.
The League banned weapons sales, and put sanctions on
rubber and metal.
The Abyssinian Emperor Haile Selassie went to the League
to appeal for help, but it did nothing else–in fact Britain and
France secretly agreed to give Abyssinia to Italy (the HoareLaval Pact).
Italy conquered Abyssinia
The League had failed.
The Road to World War II
January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor
of Germany – Withdrew from League of
Nations.
German political competition thought making
Hitler Chancellor would be a calming
compromise…they were wrong.
Hitler’s Foreign Policy
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Two Parts to Hitler’s Policy
Expansion
 Arms Race
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Hitler’s Main Goal
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Hitler wanted to unite all land that had German’s
living there.
This means going against the League of
Nations.
1934 Hitler soon ordered a programme of
rearming Germany – ignoring Treaty of Versailles
Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically
greeted. Many Germans were grateful for
jobs after the misery of the depression years.
March 1936: German troops marched into
the Rhineland
The Rhineland (a
region of Germany
bordering France and
Belgium) was
‘demilitarised’ after
WWI. Germany was
not allowed to have
troops in the region
but ignored this as a
test of the League of
Nations.
March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed
Austria
Not everyone
welcomed the
Germans…
Again, going against the terms
of the Treaty of Versailles,
which banned Germany from
uniting with Austria.
The arrival of German troops
was met with great enthusiasm
by many Austrian people.
Shortly after the German annexation of
Austria, Nazi Storm Troopers stand guard
outside a Jewish-owned business. Graffiti
painted on the window states: "You
Jewish pig may your hands rot off!"
Vienna, Austria, March 1938.
· Sept. 1938 – At the Munich Conference, Hitler invited the
leaders of Britain and France to Germany and assured them that
he wanted no more territory. (Thus giving him Czech.)
Before signing the Munich agreement.
Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini,
March 1939: Germany invaded
Czechoslovakia
Hitler had ordered
the occupation
Sudetenland (in
October 1938).
England/France
hoped that this
would be the last
conquest of the
Nazis.
However, in March
1939, he ordered his
troops to take over
the remainder of
Czechoslovakia.
Tears of joy for being
part of German
“again”.
Czechoslovakia Summary
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Czechoslovakia
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Munich Conference
Met with England and France
 Told them if we get this little piece of Czechoslovakia we
will not go after more land (Sept. 1938)
 England and France agreed.
 Hitler ordered his troops to take the rest Czechoslovakia
5 months later. (March 1939)
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August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact
Hitler and Stalin (the Russian
leader) signed a ‘nonaggression pact’.
As part of the deal, Hitler
promised Stalin part of Poland,
which he planned to invade
soon. It was a surprising
partnership.
This photo shows the Russian foreign minister
signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the
background
September 1939: Germany invaded Poland
The pact allowed
Germany to march
into Poland without
fear of an attack from
Russia.
On 3rd September
1939, Germany
invaded Poland and
two days later Britain
and France declared
war.
German troops burning village and marching into Warsaw, the
capital of Poland.
Poland and Nazi Soviet Pact
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Nazi Soviet Pact (non-aggression pact)
Hitler and Stalin Met
 Hitler told Stalin He planned to invade Poland
 Stalin was promised piece of Poland if he left
Germany alone.
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May 1940: Germany turned west and
invaded France and the Netherlands
In May 1940, Germany used
Blitzkrieg tactics to attack
France and the Netherlands
(fooled the defences by not
attacking through Belgium as
they did in WWI
British troops were forced to
retreat from the beaches of
Dunkirk in northern France.
Captured British troops, May 1940
By June 1940, France had surrendered to
the Germans
Britain now stood
alone as the last
remaining enemy
of Hitler’s Germany
in Western Europe.
Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his
successful invasion.
September 1940-May 1941: the Blitz
For the following nine months, the
German air force (Luftwaffe) launched
repeated bombing raids on British
towns and cities. This was known as
the BLITZ and was an attempt to
bomb Britain into submission.
Operation Barbarossa, June 1941, Attack
on Russia
But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He
decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack
against Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises
he had made.
Hitler Goes against Nazi-Soviet Pact
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Hitler
Germany controls the west (France)
 Hitler turns to the east.
 Hitler ignores the Pact.
 Attacks Russia.
 Russia now is in the war.
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