Transcript File - Miss Cummings` Social Studies Homepage

AIM:
Nazi Racial
Policy
1
Aryanism
Ideal of master race used and supported by
Nazis as important element of indoctrination
2
Influences
 German for “above-human”
Nietzsche’s idea of or “super human”
Ubermensch and  He never intended it for Nazi
Fuhrerprinzip
use
 Hitler never read his work.
Darwin’s idea of survival
Was
given
snippets
by
of the fittest applied to
Nietzsche’s sister in 1934 &
society
he adopted it as a symbol of
the Master Race
3
Anti-Semitism as Official policy
4
“I will employ my strength for the
welfare of the German people,
protect the Constitution and laws
of the German people,
conscientiously discharge the
duties imposed on me and
conduct my affairs of office
impartially and with justice to
everyone”
5
January 30th, 1933 – Adolf Hitler
On March 23, 1933, Hitler
obtained a majority of the
Reichstag and passed the
Enabling Act , a law that
authorized the government to
issue legislation on its own
responsibility, even if the laws
deviated from the Reich
6
Constitution.
1933 Anti-Semitism Manifests
Boycott of Jewish shops
by the SA
Jews dismissed from
civil service
Prohibited from
inheriting land
7
8
During the April 1933 boycott, two SA members guard the entrance to
a Jewish-owned leather-goods shop. The sign reads "No respectable
German shops here!"
A woman reads
a boycott sign
posted in a
window of a
Jewish-owned
department
store
USHMM photo
9
On April 7th, 1933
the 1st anti-Jewish decree was made
Law for Restoration of the
Professional Civil Service passed.
This provided for the dismissal of
“non-Aryan” civil servants
(clerical employees, workers and professionals).
War veterans were excepted because of
an appeal made by
10
President Von Hindenburg.
• April 11th
• German government Decree: prove your
Aryan ancestry; This classifies Jews as
non-Aryan & every person with 1 or more
parents/grandparents are a non-Aryan
• April 26th
• The Gestapo is created by Goering
11
How to Tell
a Jew:
"The Jewish
nose is bent.
It looks like
the number
six..."*
12
The Poisonous
Mushroom:
"Just as it is
often hard to
tell a toadstool
from an edible
mushroom, so
too it is often
very hard to
recognize the
Jew as a
swindler and
criminal..."
13
TheMandating
Nazis used
the
term
the
forced
Asocials & Euthanasia
Allows the courts to
'asocial'
to categorize
sterilization
of certain
order
the
infinite
July 14, 1933:
together
a deviating
individuals
with
imprisonment
of
Law for the Protection of
group
of
people
who
physical
&
mental
Hereditary Health
“habitual
criminals”
if
failed
todisabilities
conform
to their
they deem
the person
social
norms.
is• dangerous
to
Vagrants
November 24, 1933:
• Beggars
Law Against Dangerous society
Habitual Criminals
•Also
provides for
Alcoholics
castration
•the
Drug
Addicts of sex
Action T4
•offenders
Prostitutes
70,000+ deaths
• Nonconformists
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•
Pacifists.
1935 Nuremberg Laws Passed
First 2 Laws, September 15, 1935:
• Law of the Protection of German
Blood and Honor
• The Reich Citizen Law
15
16
The Law for Protection of German
Blood and German Honor
1. Forbids sexual relations between Jews &
Germans – there were severe penalties for
violators.
2. Further punishments for Mischlinge were
established.
3. The enactment of these laws isolated Jews
from the general population of Germany
17
Reich Citizenship Law
Citizenship was awarded to only
subjects of “German or kindred
blood”. A later decree (Nov. 14,
1935) to this law addressed the
unsettling status of offspring
marriages between Jews and
“Aryans”, designated as Mischlinge
(“hybrids”). This law also removed
18
the exemptions from war veterans.
November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht
Sparked by assassination of
German diplomat Ernst vom
Rath by Jewish 17 year old
Herschel Grynszpan
Results: +90 Jewish deaths,
+30,000 Jews sent to
concentration camps,
+1,000 synagogues were
burned, & + 7,000 Jewish
businesses destroyed or
damaged
19
November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht
20
On the nights of November 9th and 10th
• gangs of Nazi youth roamed through
Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows
of Jewish businesses and homes,
burning synagogues and looting.
• Aproximately 200 synagogues were
destroyed
• Almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were
destroyed.
• 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to
concentration camps.
21
• Jews were physically attacked & beaten
and 91 died.
22
The burned-out synagogue of Aachen, Germany, one of
nearly 200 synagogues destroyed during Kristallnacht.
• The attackers were often neighbors.
• 30,000 were arrested.
• To accommodate so many new
prisoners, the concentration camps
of Dachau, Buchenwald, and
Just before midnight on November 9,
Sachsenhausen were expanded.
Gestapo Chief Heinrich Muller sent a
•telegram
Pogromto allOrganized
police units violence
letting them
against
Jews,
often
with
know
that “in
shortest
order,
actions against
Jews
and especially
their synagogues
will
understood
support
of authorities
take place in all Germany. These are not to
23
be interfered with.” Rather, the police were
to arrest the victims.
24
November 23, 1939 - Wearing of the
yellow Jewish Star of David was made
compulsory throughout occupied
Poland.
25
1941
Jews in Germany and all
occupied territories required
to wear star in public,
followed by identification
card laws
Other groups were also
required to wear symbols
representing their minority
status
26
27
1939 Ghettos and Death Squads
After WWII military victories,
SS deathsquads (Einsatzgruppe)
would follow to kill/capture Jews
Notorious for mass graves at
Babi Yar (33,771 killed in 2 days) &
Rumbula (25,000 killed in 2 days)
First ghettos created in 1939;
sectioned off parts of towns where
Jews were forced to live
28
Ghettoization
(December 1939 to March 1942)
Although the Nazis were successful in
isolating Jews socially and economically,
the actual physical isolation of the Eastern
European population did not begin until
29
December 1939.
The purpose of the Nazi ghetto, however, was to
create a total confinement for the Jewish
population, turning entire neighborhoods into a
prison unlike the ghettos of centuries past.
30
Life in the ghetto was abominable, and thousands died. There was
no medicine. The food ration allowed was a quarter of that
available for the Germans, barely enough to allow survival. The
water supply was contaminated in many ghettos.
31
Starving children in the Ghetto. Warsaw, Poland
Epidemics of tuberculosis, typhoid, and lice were common.
Bodies of new victims piled up in the streets faster than they could
be carted away.
In the Warsaw ghetto, more than 70,000 died of exposure, disease,
and starvation during the first two winters.
32
1942 Final Solution
Disguised as work camps, Nazi
extermination camps in Poland are
designed specifically to kill
Auschwitz
Treblinka
Bełżec
Chełmno
Majdanek
Sobibór
~1.1 million deaths
~750,000 deaths
~600,000 deaths
~320,000 deaths
~360,000 deaths
~220,000 deaths
33
34
Result of Holocaust
6 million Jews killed
3.3 million Soviet POWs killed
1.9 million Poles killed
260,000 Gypsies killed
240,000 Disabled killed
13,000 Homosexuals killed
+11 million killed
35
Points to consider
Explain the shift from Nationalism to Aryanism.
Analyze: “Unity and success of the volk was
maintained at the expense of the minorities.”
Indoctrination, repression, both, or neither?
36