Transcript The Allied Victory

The Allied Victory
Chapter 16.4
The Allied Victory
December 22, 1941
Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt
meet to develop a war policy. Stalin had
asked for help to split Germany into 2
separate fronts.
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
• The North African Campaign
– Rommel takes Tobruk, Libya June 1942;
pushes toward Egypt
– British General Montgomery fiercely
attacks at El Alamein, forces Rommel
back and retreated west
– American forces land in Morocco,
November 1942 – Operation Torch
– General Dwight D. Eisenhower –
American commander in Morocco
– In May 1943, Rommel’s forces were
defeated by Eisenhower and
Montgomery’s forces
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
The Battle for Stalingrad
– Summer 1942, German army moves
to capture Soviet oil fields
– August 23, 1942, Battle of Stalingrad –
Soviets, Germans battle for control of
city
• Luftwaffe – nightly bombing raids on city
• By November – Germans controlled 90%
of city – but then were surrounded and
trapped
• By February 1943 90,000 frost bitten
Germans surrendered
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
• The Invasion of Italy
– U.S., British forces land
on, capture Sicily on July
19, 1943
– Mussolini loses power but
Germans keep control of
northern Italy
• Victor Emanuel III had him
arrested
– Allies invade Italy, but
Germans keep fighting
there until war ends
– Italy surrenders
September 3, 1943
The Allied Home Front
Mobilizing for War in US
– Fighting the war requires complete use of all national
resources
– 17 to 18 million US workers – many of them women –
make weapons
– People at home face shortages of consumer goods
– Propaganda aims to inspire civilians to aid war effort
War Limits Civil Rights
– Japanese Americans face prejudice, fear
– Army puts Japanese Americans in interment camps in
1942
US Mobilization
WW2 in The Bay Area
Shipbuilding, liberty ships.
Supply the Pacific theater
with ammunition, food and
other supplies.
Headquarters for Army, Navy.
Massive increase in
population
• Opportunities for
minorities & women.
Japanese Internment
Japanese Internment
442nd Infantry Regiment
Japanese American Regiment
Most decorated regiment in WW2
21 Medals of Honor
Victory in Europe
• The D-Day Invasion
– Allies plan invasion of France; use deception
to confuse Germans
– D-Day – June 6,1944; day of “Operation
Overlord” invasion of France
– Allied forces capture Normandy beaches;
liberate Paris by September
• The Battle of the Bulge
– US, British forces advance on Germany from
west, Soviets from east
– Battle of the Bulge – German counterattack
in December 1944
– Germans gain early success but forced to
retreat
Battle of the Bulge, December 1944
• Last German
offensive of the
war
• Try to
breakthrough
Allied lines, cutoff
supplies
• Germans are
pushed back after
initial successes
Victory In Europe
Germany’s Unconditional
Surrender
• By 1945, Allied armies
approach Germany from two
sides
• Soviets surrounded Berlin in
April 1945
Hitler commits suicide
• On May 9, 1945, Germany
officially surrender.
• President Roosevelt dies in
April; Harry Truman
becomes President
Soviets Take Berlin, April, 1945
Victory in the
Pacific
The Japanese in Retreat
– Allies move to retake the
Philippines in late 1944
– Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves
Japanese navy badly damaged
– Kamikazes – Japanese pilots
who fly suicide missions.
– In March 1945, American forces
capture Iwo Jima.
– US takes Okinawa in June 1945;
Japan suffers huge casualties.
Island Hopping
Victory in the Pacific
The Japanese Surrender
• Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan
will cost many lives
• He has alternative; powerful new weapon
called atomic bomb
• Manhattan Project – secret program to
develop the atomic bomb
– Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, August
6, 1945; about 75,000 die
– Nagasaki bombed on August 9; 70,000 die
immediately
– Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945 on
the battleship Missouri