Transcript THE HOLOCAUST

THE HOLOCAUST
PART II
1942 - 1945
THE FINAL SOLUTION
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WHEN? 1939-45
WHERE? APPLIED TO ALL NAZI-OCCUPIED EUROPE
AREAS? DEPENDED ON SIZE OF NAZI CONQUESTS
 Ex: GREATEST EXTENT OF NAZI OCCUPATION IS 1942
HOW?
 MASS EXECUTUION
 GHETTO ISOLATION OF JEWS, ETC.
 FORCED LABOR
 CONCENTRATION CAMPS
 EXTERMINATION CAMPS
WHO’S TARGETED? ALL UNTERMENSCHEN (DEFINE)
 JEWS
 HOMOSEXUALS
 GYPSIES
 PHYSICALLY, MENTALLY DISABLED
 COMMUNISTS
THE FINAL SOLUTION
A.
AREAS HARDEST HIT:
1. EASTERN EUROPE:
-Poland
-Russia
2. GERMANY
B. WHY?:
1. THOSE AREAS HAD HIGHEST POPULATION OF JEWS,
OR…
2. THOSE AREAS WERE MORE EASILY INVADED EARLY IN
WAR
C. WHO CONDUCTED MOST OF THE FINAL SOLUTION?
1. S.S. (Schutzstaffel) CAMP GUARDS
2. S.S. “EINZATSGRUPPEN” (“Special Action Groups”)
3. “WAFFEN – S.S.” (SS Front line combat units)
4. POLICE IN CONQUERED TERRITORIES
5. “GESTAPO” UNITS - German Secret Police
***MOST EXTERMINATION / FINAL SOLUTION ACTIONS
WERE DONE BY S.S. GROUPS
THE WANSEE CONFERENCE
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WHAT? MEETING / CONFERENCE OF TOP NAZI OFFICIALS TO DECIDE &
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
 HOW COULD THE EXTERMINATION OF EUROPEAN JEWS BE MADE
MORE “EFFICIENT”?
 HOW WOULD “FINAL SOLUTION” PLANS BE IMPLEMENTED IN FUTURE
CONQUERED TERRITORY?
WHEN? JANUARY, 1942
WHERE? WANSEE, BERLIN, GERMANY
WHO? KEY NAZI & SS. LEADERS
 EXAMPLE: REINHARD HEYDRICH, ADOLF EICHMANN
WHY?
 HIMMLER WANTED EXTERMINATION METHODS TO BE IMPROVED &
ACCELERATED
EFFECT?
 MORE JEWS WERE MOVED DIRECTLY TO EXTERMINATION / DEATH
CAMPS
 SOME CAMPS WERE ENLARGED FOR MORE KILLING
 SOME CAMPS WERE CONVERTED FROM LABOR TO EXTERMINATION
CAMPS
RESULT? HOLOCAUST ACCELERATED
REICHSFUHRER
HEINRICH HIMMLER,
LEADER OF THE S.S.
HIMMLER (left) AND
HITLER (right)
REINHARD
HEYDRICH
(right)
OBERGRUPPENFUHRER
REINHARD HEYDRICH, S.S.
a.k.a – “THE BLOND BEAST”
HEAD OF S.S. SECURITY
FORCES
ADOLF
EICHMANN,
S.S.
DEPUTY
HEAD OF
THE S.S.
WANSEE CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS, JANUARY, 1942
THE WANSEE
“PROTOCOL”;
DOCUMENT
LISTING
JEWISH
POPULATION IN
ALL EUROPEAN
NATIONS
DEATH CAMPS
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DEATH CAMPS: CAMPS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE MASS KILLINGS OF
PRISONERS
WHY?
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THE WANSEE CONFERENCE CALLED FOR GREATER “EFFICIENCY” IN THE KILLING
OF JEWS, SLAVS, etc.
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EINSATZGRUPPEN KILLINGS WERE VIEWED AS INEFFICIENT & DEMORALIZING TO
TROOPS
WHERE?
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MOST DEATH CAMPS WERE IN EASTERN EUROPE (POLAND, RUSSIA)
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MOST NOTORIOUS:
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AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU (POLAND)
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TREBLINKA (POLAND)
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SOBIBOR (POLAND)
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DACHAU (GERMANY) – ORIGINALLY A CONCENTRATION CAMP
WHAT?
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KILLING METHOD: USUALLY TOOK ONE OF THREE FORMS:
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GAS CHAMBERS
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OVERWORK / STARVATION
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SUMMARY BEATINGS / SHOOTINGS
RESULT? DEATH TOLL INCREASES RAPIDLY (AUSCHWITZ: 1.6 MIL. KILLED)
JEWS BEING SEPARATED INTO GROUPS AT RAIL DEPOT
JEWS AFTER ARRIVAL AT AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU EXTERMINATION CAMP
AERIAL
PHOTOGRAPH OF
AUSCHWITZBIRKENAU
CONCENTRATION
CAMP
JEWISH CAMP LABORERS, AUSCHWITZ
INTERIOR, PRISONER BLOCK HOUSE, AUSCHWITZ
INTERIOR, PRISONER BLOCKHOUSE, AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU
CAMP
SURVIVORS
AFTER
LIBERATION
BY ALLIES
JEWISH WOMEN & CHILDREN BEING MOVED TO GAS CHAMBERS
GAS CHAMBER ENTRANCE (ONE OF THEM), AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU
ENTRANCE TO AUSCHWITZ GAS CHAMBER
EXIT FROM GAS
CHAMBER ROOM
LOOKING TOWARD
CREMATORIUM ROOM
CLOTHING OF GAS CHAMBER VICTIMS, AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU
GAS CHAMBER FROM ONE ENTRANCE, AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU
GAS CHAMBER ROOM WITH EXIT TO CREMATORIUM ON LEFT
ZYKLON-B CANISTER AND PELLETS
BODY BEING LOADED INTO CREMATORIUM OVEN
CONCENTRATION CAMP IDENTIFICATION
TATTOO ON ARM OF SURVIVOR
CONCENTRATION
CAMP SURVIVOR
DISPLAYS HIS I.D.
TATTOO
DR. JOSEF MENGELE, S.S.
NAZI CAMP “DOCTOR” –
a.k.a. “THE ANGEL OF
DEATH”
MENGELE AND FELLOW
S.S. OFFICERS, AUSCHWITZ
CAMP PRISONER BEING INFECTED WITH COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
CAMP PRISONER
IN AIR CHAMBER,
DR. MENGELE’s
EXPERIMENTS
UNIT, AUSCHWITZ
“Cold Water” Experiment on live prisoner, Auschwitz (note floating bocks of ice)
U.S. ARMY TROOPER WITH CAMP VICTIM REMAINS, APRIL, 1945
U.S. ARMY TROOPERS & OFFICERS SURVEY CAMP VICTIM REMAINS, APRIL, 1945
U.S. ARMY OFFICERS & TROOPS WITH CAMP SURVIVORS
BRITISH
TROOPS
BURY
VICTIM
REMAINS
BERGENBELSEN
DEATH
CAMP,
1945
RED ARMY DOCTORS ATTENDING TO CAMP SURVIVORS, APRIL, 1945
AFTER THE HOLOCAUST
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RESULTS:
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MOST EUROPEAN JEWS ARE…
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MANY EMIGRATE FROM EUROPE TO…
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KILLED
DISPLACED
N.AMERICA
ISRAEL/PALESTINE
“ZIONISTS” NOW MAKE STRONGER
EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH STATE OF ISRAEL
EUROPEAN JEWISH POPULATION IS
DECIMATED
TOTAL KILLED: APPROXIMATELY 6 MILLION
CHILD
CONCENRATION
CAMP SURVIVOR,
NAMED
“TERESKA”,
DRAWING A
PICTURE OF
HOME ON
BLACKBOARD,
POLAND, 1948