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1933-1945
Chapter 29
World Affairs
1933-1939

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Good Neighbor”
policy attempted to make peace with the
United States southern neighbor’s.

At the Pan-American Conference, the U.S.
agreed to a resolution that “no state has
the right to intervene in the internal affairs
of another”.
Aggression and Appeasement

Reciprocal Trade Agreement- allowed the
State Department to make treaties with other
countries to mutually lower import duties.

Japanese expansion caused Roosevelt to
strengthen the Soviet Union (USSR).

Japanese troops invaded and occupied Manchuria
for its mineral-rich soil. The League of Nations
demanded that Manchuria be returned to China,
but Japan refused the order.
Fascism

Fascism is a form of government in which a
dictator and supporters cooperate to seek
more power for their nation, usually at the
expense of rights for individuals.

Benito Mussolini from Italy, and Adolf Hitler
from Germany both followed the new political
doctrine Fascism.
Totalitarian State

Both the Fascists in Italy, and the Nazis
in Germany totally controlled the life of
its people, even so by using force.

Both gained support by using patriotic
allies, parades, music, and racial hatred.
Treaty of Versailles
The Nazis blamed Germany’s economic
chaos on its Jewish population. This led to
restricting Jews from their nation.
 Mussolini and the fascists accused Italy’s
Communists of causing strikes and social
unrest.
 The glorification of war by Italy, Germany,
and Japan was not idle talk.

Bargaining for Peace

The multiple attacks
taken place by Italy,
Germany, and
Japan resulted in
Great Britain and
France to follow the
policy of
appeasement.
Which gave
aggressor nations
what they wanted in
order to avoid war.


The American
people were also
determined to avoid
war. In order to do
this, Congress
passed the
Neutrality Acts in
1935, 1936, and
1937.
Roosevelt called for
the abandonment of
isolation.
Moving Closer to War

In March 1939, Hitler
took control of the rest of
Czechoslovakia and
demanded territory in
Poland.

Britain and France
pledged to defend
Poland, but the Soviet
dictator Joseph Stalin
signed a non-aggression
pact with Germany.
Outbreak of War

On September 1, 1939 Germany crossed into
Poland and attacked so fast, which later
became known as blitzkrieg or “lightning war”.

September 3, 1939 Britain and France were
fed up with Germany’s various attacks on
Poland, so they declared war on Germany.

The United States remained neutral.
Battle of Britain


In June 1940, Italy
invaded France and
declared war on
Great Britain.
France surrendered
and Britain faced the
German and Italian
threats alone.
In order to cross the
English Channel,
the German air
force bombed
British airfields,
factories, and cities.
 British prime
minister, Winston
Churchill became
the leader of Great
Britain.

America realizes its Peril
Selective Service Act- the first
peacetime draft in American History,
added 800,000 men to the armed
forces.
 In November 1940, Roosevelt won
reelection. With the world in crisis,
American voters didn’t want to risk
change in leadership.

America aids Britain

Roosevelt decided to get rid of the “cash
and carry “ policy and suggested a lend
lease policy.

60 % of Americans believed it was more
important to help Britain rather than stay
out of war.
Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japanese bombers
attacked the American
fleet based at Pearl
Harbor.

America was Determined
to defeat the Axis
Powers- Germany, Italy,
and Japan
Turning Point of the War

German troops launched a second
attack on the Soviets.

With Churchill and Roosevelt unwilling
to help Stalin, the Soviets were left to
face Germany alone.
“D-day”
June 6, 1944
Invasion at Normandy
 Americans broke through the German
line.
 In August American and British troops
broke out of Normandy and struck
rapidly , entering Paris .
 In September they crossed the western
border.

Crimes Against Humanity
The Nazi Holocaust- deliberate
extermination of millions of European
Jews and other civilians.
 Hitler used abuse such as Nazi death
camps and gas chambers to torture the
Jews.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki



After the Japanese government rejected Truman’s
final warning to surrender or risk “utter
destruction”, on August 6 an atomic bomb
destroyed 60 percent of Hiroshima.
When Japanese still refused to surrender, a
second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki
The final surrender of Japan took place on
September 2, 1945.
The Yalta Conference
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met for
the first time in the Soviet Union.
 They agreed publicly that the United
States, Britain, and the Soviet Union,
along with France should occupy
Germany after the war.


Roosevelt passed away on April 12.
1945.
The United Nations
Two weeks after Roosevelt's death,
sentatives of 50 nations met at San
Francisco to make plans for a new world
organization.
 The United Nations was formed.


The United States became the first
nation the join the UN.
Raising Funds for the War
To raise funds for war effort, the federal
government increased taxes and sold
war bonds in amounts ranging from $25
to $10,000.
 Government extended income tax for
the first time to include middle-class and
lower-income people.
 The war increased employment and
workers earnings rose.

Women Enter the Workforce
Women began to fill jobs that were not
traditional for women.
 They worked on production lines, in
steel mills, on the docks, and in other
jobs that required heavy manual labor.
 Women also took over jobs such as
barbers, driving buses and trucks, and
working as train conductors.

Opportunities for African Americans
The need for workers also speeded the
shift of African Americans from farming
to manufacturing
 Some companies hired few African
Americans before the war, but by 1945,
thousands of African Americans had
jobs in defense plants.

Results of the War

The movement of so many Americans to fill
jobs in war industries created housing
shortages, crowded schools, and
heightened social tensions.

Philip Randolph threatened to lead 10,000
protesters into Washington, D.C. to put an
end to discrimination in defense of jobs and
armed forces.