Transcript Turning the Tide

Turning the Tide
The Allied Powers victory in Europe
Operation Barbarossa, 1941
 Hitler’s ultimate dream
*Smash _______ & carve out German
empire
*22 June 1941: Operation Barbarossa,
the invasion of the _____________
*3,000,000 German soldiers in 153
divisions poured across the
frontier into the USSR
 Blitzkrieg devastates Red Army
*June-August 1941: kills 2 million
soldiers & captures another 2
million soldiers
*Sept 1941: Leningrad under siege,
Ukraine taken, Crimea falling to
German advance
 1942: Germany continues to advance
Other reasons for Soviet
victory:
Hitler made many errors:
 _______________, predicting
victory by Oct ‘41, so no winter
gear for troops
 _____________ died from
exposure or disease
 Supplies pulled by horses, slowing
use of technology
 German industry ____________,
using more raw materials to
produce fewer weapons
Other reasons for Soviet
victory
 _________________ helped
 Vast amounts of food, raw
materials, equipment shipped
through dangerous routes
 USA supplied 500,000 vehicles,
1900 locomotives, ½ the supply of
tires & copper
 Allied ____________ slowed
German ____________
 Turning points of the Eastern
Front
 Soviet sacrifices, German errors,
Allies help did not win war
automatically
 Two major battles were turning
points
The Battle of ______________:
Sept 1942 – Jan 1943
 Early 1942
 Renewed German offensive in
south aimed at capturing USSR
______________
 ____________ Soviet troops
killed
 Stalingrad key city: hold it &
Germany is stopped; lose it &
all of Soviet south falls to
Germany
The Battle of Stalingrad:
Sept 1942 – Jan 1943
 Stalingrad
 Hand-to-hand, room-by-room
fighting took away German
advantage of _____________
 This was war at most __________
level
 19 Nov 1942: Soviet counteroffensive under Marshall Zhukov
encircled German’s 6th army
 ____________________________
____________________________
 31 Jan 1943, 6th Army
surrendered (300,000)
 Proved the German’s could be
defeated
The Battle of ______: July–August
1943
 Germany still held huge
amount of USSR land
 July 1943: Germany
counter-attack
 Surprise ruined when Soviets
discovered plan
 USSR dug in & prepared for
attack
 Greatest _____________ in
history
 German army was destroyed
@ Kursk
 Vast # of tanks
 Soviet planes a qualitative
match for Luftwaffe, they
________________________
________________________
The Battle of Kursk: July–August
1943
Russia wins war of __________
 USSR replaced all losses from
battle
 Germany could not because:
 ________________________
________________________
 ________________________
________________________
 Aug 1943: Red Army had
__________ times as many
tanks as Germans
Causes of North African Campaign
 Mussolini envisioned the _____________________ as an
Italian lake.
 He therefore sent an army to the Italian colony of
_____________ to commence the attack on the Allies.
Strategic Importance
 The Axis powers were attempting to gain control of Africa
so they could strike at the _______________ in the
_______________________ and eventually open a second
front against the Soviet Union.
 The Allies were attempting to stop the _______________,
pull pressure off of the _______________, and allow for
the opening of a __________________.
Operation Torch
• November 1942 – Allied invasion of Axis controlled
_______________led by American Gen. Eisenhower.
• German _______________ led by Field Marshall
___________________________surrenders in May 1943
Operation _________
• Success in ___________
opened the door for Operation
Husky
• Allies attack the so called
‘_____________________’ of
Hitler’s Europe - Italy.
• Invasion of _________ in 1943
• Allies controlled Sicily by
August of 1943 and then
started the drive up the Italian
peninsula.
Importance
 The importance of the Allied
invasion of Italy was to take Italy
out of the war. The Allies were
continuing to fight against
Germany and the Nazis, and
taking out Italy was beginning to
destroy the ________________.
 Also with the U.S. attacking Italy,
Germany had to send troops
there and __________________
___________________________.
 Lastly, the Allies also gained
control over the ______________
___________________________.
Describe the invasion of France at Normandy.
 Allied forces had gained
momentum from
defeating the Axis
Powers in North Africa,
naval success in the
Atlantic, Soviet
momentum, and the
invasion of Italy.
 The invasion of France
was named __________
____________________.
Describe the invasion of France at Normandy.
The Allied forces were led
into battle by General
Dwight Eisenhower.
Allied forces _____________
to keep Germans
____________________
of invasion.
Allies landed in __________
on D-Day, June 6, 1944.
Describe the invasion of France at Normandy.
Germans secured the beach
with _________________
_____________________.
Difficult fighting
commenced, and it took
about ___________ for
Allied troops to
penetrate 20 miles into
France.
On August 25, 1944, ______
_____________________
____________________.
Define the Holocaust.
 The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s __________________
________________________________________________.
 Millions of Jews were put under German rule as Germany
expanded throughout Europe.
 Approximately _______________ Jews were killed either
at their capture, or in concentration camps.
 This treatment of Jews was called the “_______________
_______________________________________” by Hitler.
Describe the conditions in German
concentration camps.
 Jews were ________________________________, usually
packed in at least double what was provided for.
 There was standing room only for the entire trip, which
could last several days.
 Water buckets would be passed around the train, but not
everyone would get a drink.
 Passengers had not place to use the restroom.
 Many died in those few days from dehydration, disease or
heat exhaustion.
Describe the conditions in German
concentration camps.
 Those considered ____________ to work were immediately
taken into the “showers”, which were actually ______________.
Afterwards, their bodies were _____________.
 Those fit to work would provide ________________ in the
camps until they became too weak, at which point they would
also be killed.
 Many were killed in mass firing squads, and buried in communal
graves.
 Nazi doctors and scientists used prisoners for medical or science
experiments, or used their bodies to make products.
Recognize the accomplishments of the Yalta
Conference.
What did they agree to?
 Soviet Union would _____________
______________________________
______________________________.
 They discussed the return of
liberated nations to self
government.
 They agreed to _________________
______________________________.
 They made plans for a new
_____________________________,
like the ______________________.
Describe the events that led to German
surrender and V-E Day.
September 1944:
Allied crossed the German
border.
December 1945:
Germany launched their
final offensive against the
Allies. At the __________
_____________, after
Germans created a bulge in
the Allies’ lines, the Allies
_______________________
_______________________.
Describe the events that led to German
surrender and V-E Day.
In the _________________,
the Allied Powers were
pressing further into
Germany from both
sides: the Soviet Union
from the east, the British
and Americans from the
west.
April 30, 1945:
_____________________
_____________________.
Describe the events that led to German
surrender and V-E Day.
Germany _______________
________________ on
May 7, 1945.
May 8, 1945 was known as
___________ (________
____________), as the
end of the five years of
fighting in Europe. It is
celebrated on this day
because the surrender
agreement was ratified
on this day.