Transcript III.B - Cloudfront.net

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Allied Victory in World War II
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
•
Describe the reasons for the final defeat of
the Nazis.
•
Summarize how the Allies began to push back
the Japanese in the Pacific.
•
Explain the American strategy for ending the
war against Japan and the consequences of that
strategy.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
•
V-E Day – the day the Allies achieved victory in
Europe, May 8, 1945
•
Bataan Death March – 65-mile march suffered
by American and Filipino prisoners of the Japanese
•
Douglas MacArthur – American general who led
U.S. forces in the battles to defeat Japan
•
island-hopping – the act of recapturing some
Japanese-held islands while bypassing others
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
•
kamikaze – Japanese pilot who undertook a
suicide mission
•
Manhattan Project – code name for a
collaboration of Allied scientists who raced to test
the first atomic bomb
•
Hiroshima – city in Japan where the first atomic
bomb was dropped in August 1945
•
Nagasaki – city in Japan where the second
atomic bomb was dropped in August 1945
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did the Allies finally defeat the
Axis powers?
By 1945, the war in Europe was nearing its end.
Germany was being attacked from east and west,
and Axis armies were surrendering.
In the Pacific, a series of bloody battles continued
on the islands as Allied military leaders planned
a land invasion of Japan. World War II finally
ended when the United States dropped atomic
bombs on two Japanese cities.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
I.
I.
•In the spring of 1945, the Nazis were
surrounded and defeated.
•
From the west the Allies surged into Germany,
and from the east Soviet troops closed in on
Berlin.
•
In Italy, guerrillas captured and executed
Mussolini. Hitler committed suicide.
•
The Allies proclaimed May 8, 1945, V-E Day.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
I.
There were
several reasons
why the mighty
Axis powers fell
to the Allies.
I. • Germany’s geographic
location left it open to
invasion from
all sides.
•
Hitler made some poor
military decisions.
•
The Soviet army proved far
stronger than expected.
•
The United States had an
enormous capacity for
industrial production.
II.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
II. •The Allies could now focus on defeating Japan.
•Until mid-1942, Japan had been
undefeated in the Pacific.
•They gained
control of the
Philippines in May
1942 and forced
U.S. and Filipino
soldiers on the
Bataan Death
March.
•However, after the
battles of Midway
and the Coral Sea,
the United States
took the offensive in
the Pacific.
II.
II.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
•In the summer of 1942, U.S. Marines defeated the
Japanese at Guadalcanal. Led by General Douglas
MacArthur, they began an island-hopping strategy
to move north toward Japan.
•As the Allies poured all of their resources into
defeating Japan, bloody battles ensued.
•Kamikaze pilots undertook suicide missions,
crashing their planes into American warships.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Allied advance toward Japan
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
III.A
III.A
•Meanwhile, Allied scientists offered another
way to end the war.
•
They worked on splitting the atom to create a
new kind of bomb.
•
In July 1945, the Manhattan Project
successfully tested the first atomic bomb in
New Mexico.
•
Harry Truman, who had become president after
the death of Roosevelt, realized that it was a
terrible new force for destruction. Nevertheless,
he decided to use the new weapon against
Japan.
III.B
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
III.B
•Allied leaders warned Japan to surrender or face
destruction. Japan ignored the warning.
•On August 6,
1945, U.S.
planes
dropped the
first atomic
bomb on
Hiroshima,
instantly
killing more
than 70,000
people.
III.B
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
•Allied leaders warned Japan to surrender or face
destruction. Japan ignored the warning.
Shortly before the US dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, the United Stated showered the Japanese cities of
Nagasaki, Hiroshima, and 33 other potential targets with over 5 million leaflets warning civilians of the impending
attack. In Japanese, the back of the pictured leaflet read:
III.B
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
"Read this carefully as it may save your life or the life of a relative
or friend. In the next few days, some or all of the cities named on
the reverse side will be destroyed by American bombs. These
cities contain military installations and workshops or factories
which produce military goods. We are determined to destroy all of
the tools of the military clique which they are using to prolong this
useless war. But, unfortunately, bombs have no eyes. So, in
accordance with America's humanitarian policies, the American Air
Force, which does not wish to injure innocent people, now gives
you warning to evacuate the cities named and save your lives.
America is not fighting the Japanese people but is fighting the
military clique which has enslaved the Japanese people. The peace
which America will bring will free the people from the oppression
of the military clique and mean the emergence of a new and
better Japan. You can restore peace by demanding new and good
leaders who will end the war. We cannot promise that only these
cities will be among those attacked but some or all of them will
be, so heed this warning and evacuate these cities immediately."
An American-controlled radio station on Saipan was broadcasting a similar message to the Japanese people every 15 minutes.
Five days after the fliers were distributed, Hiroshima was destroyed by the "Little Boy" atomic device.
III.B
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
III.B
•August
8: The Soviet Union invaded
Manchuria. The Japanese did not respond.
•August
9: The United States dropped a
second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. This time,
more than 40,000 people were killed.
III.B
III.B
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Following the first attack,
the U.S. air force dropped even
more leaflets:
America asks that you take immediate heed of what we say on this leaflet. We are in
possession of the most destructive explosive ever devised by man. A single one of our
newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what
2000 of our giant B-29s can carry on a single mission. This awful fact is one for you to
ponder and we solemnly assure you it is grimly accurate.
We have just begun to use this weapon against your homeland. If you still have any
doubt, make inquiry as to what happened to Hiroshima when just one atomic bomb
fell on that city.
Before using this bomb to destroy every resource of the military by which they are
prolonging this useless war, we ask that you now petition the Emperor to end the war.
Our president has outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an honorable
surrender. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of
building a new, better and peace-loving Japan.
You should take steps now to cease military resistance. Otherwise, we shall resolutely
employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end
the war.
Three days after Hiroshima, the "Fat Man" bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.
III.B
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
III.B
•August
10: Emperor Hirohito intervened and
forced the government to surrender.
•September
was signed.
2, 1945: A formal peace treaty
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuPYzWnT1aA