Transcript Chapter 31 Causes of World War II Newb_1

• Versailles
Treaty
1918
1922
• Rise of
Italian
Fascism
• Rise of
Nazism
1924 - 1932
1929
• Great
Depression
1935
• Japanese
Expansionism:
Invade
Manchuria: Japan
withdraws from
the League of
Nations
1931
• Italian
Expansionism
Italy invades
Ethiopia: Italy
withdraws from
the League of
Nations
• 1935: Hitler
announces Germany
will not obey the
Versailles Treaty.
• 1938: Marches into
Austria
• 1938 Germany
demands the
Sudetenland from
Czechoslovakia
1935 to
1938
1938
• Appeasement:
Munich
Conference:
Britain and
France give into
Hitler’s demand
for the
Sudetenland.
Appeasement: giving in to a
dictator to avoid war.
Militarism
The glorification of
war, in which a nation
strengthens its military
and stockpiles weapons
in preparation for war.
An important
aspect of militarism is
that the glorification of
war is incorporated into
all levels of society,
including education of
the nation’s youth.
Hitler Youth group
Militaristic societies
have existed
throughout human
history.
Ancient Sparta is an example of a
militaristic society
Nationalism
Nationalism is the
belief in the
superiority of one’s
own nation over all
others.
In the extreme, it
can lead to major
conflicts between
nations.
Hitler, Mussolini,
and Japan’s Tojo each
touted their nation’s
ability to dominate all
others in the years
leading up to WWII.
Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo,
Japanese flag
Anti-Communism
Under communism, all
means of production are
controlled by the
government, as are property,
the media, and all other
aspects of society.
The 1930s saw the rise of
many totalitarian regimes;
but most people chose
fascism over communism.
Hitler exploited people’s
fear of a communist takeover
in Germany to rise to power
in 1933.
A Battle for Germany: Nazi
anti-communist book from
1933
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HITLER’S
WW II
PARTNERS
7
India
Brazil
THE ALLIED
POWERS IN
WW8 II
 German Remilitarization
 Austria: 1938 Anschluss: all German speaking people
belong with one German nation
 Czechoslovakia: 1938; 3 million people; Sudetenland;
Appeasement
 Appeasement: giving in to the demands of an
aggressor to avoid war
 Munich Conference 1938
 Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Edouard Dalidier
 Hitler wanted Sudetenland / 3 million German
Speaking people
 Western Section of Czechoslovakia
 Democracy
 Why?
 Devastation of WWI
 Great Depression
 Unfairness of Versailles Treaty
 Fear of Communism
 Lack of International cooperation
 Neutrality of the United States
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HITLER INVADES POLAND:SEPTEMBER 1, 1939
WWII Begins on
September 1,
1939
14
 Lightening Attack
 Use of fast moving vehicles, air force and infantry to
invade Poland Sept 1, 1939.
 Start of WWII
 Sept 3 Britain and France declare war on Germany
 The Phony War
 Superior air power – Luftwaffe
 Bombing of strategic military and civilian targets
 Armored tanks and troop carriers
 Improved designs on planes, subs, and machinery (bombs and
guns)
 Inventions: RADAR and SONAR
 Medical advances for soldiers and synthetic products
replacing scarce, strategic resources
HITLER CONQUERED DENMARK, NORWAY,
NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, AND LUXEMBOURG
17
.
MAGINOT LINE
.
MAGINOT LINE, LARGE UNDERGROUND
FORTS FRANCE BUILT AT ENORMOUS
COST TO PROTECT ITSELF FROM
GERMANY, THE GERMANS WENT
AROUND THEM AND THEY PROVED
USELESS.
18
FRENCH AND BRITISH TROOPS TRAPPED AT DUNKIRK
19
ALLIED TROOPS ESCAPE THE
ADVANCING GERMAN FORCES.
HUNDREDS OF SHIPS FROM GREAT
BRITAIN CAME TO TAKE THEM OFF THE
DUNKIRK BEACHES AND BACK TO
ENGLAND.
20
AFTER THE GERMANS LEFT DUNKIRK, THEY TURNED SOUTH AND DEFEATED
THE REMAINING FRENCH ARMIES
JUNE 22,
1940, FRANCE
SURRENDERED
TO GERMANY.
GERMANY WAS
MASTER OF ALL
EUROPE, ITS
FACTORIES AND
RESOURCES,
WITH
EXCEPTION OF
THE USSR.
21
August 1940: Which nation will be Hitler's next target for conquest?
22
GREAT BRITAIN GETS A NEW PRIME
MINISTER: WINSTON CHURCHILL
23
STATISTICS OF THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
PLANE TYPE AT
START OF AIR
BATTLE,
AUGUST 1940
GERMAN
LUFTWAFFE
ROYAL
AIRFORCE
BOMBERS
960
500
FIGHTERS
760
700
PLANE LOSSES
AT END OF
BATTLE, MARCH
1941
2840 PLANES
915 PLANES
Turning Point of the War: Germany’s first defeat.
24
PHOTOS FROM THE BATTLE OF
STALINGRAD
THE GERMANS HAD SEVERE
PROBLEMS CAPTURING THE
CITY OF STALINGRAD. IT
WAS A GRITTY, DEADLY
BATTLE WHERE HUNDREDS
OF THOUSANDS OF
SOLDIERS ON BOTH SIDES
WERE KILLED
25
•FIGHTING IN NORTH AFRICA
•Battle of El Alamen won by the Allies:
•Push Germany off the African Continent
•Now Allies could invade Sicily: Tough
bloody battles won by the Allies
•Italy next: Rome first European capital
freed by Allies
26
•ALLIES INVADE FRANCE
•BATTLE OF THE BULGE
•SOVIET ADVANCE INTO EASTERN EUROPE AND
GERMANY
•HOLOCAUST
•GERMANY SURRENDERS
27
D-day: the Allied invasion of Nazi occupied Western
Europe
D-Day Statistics
General Dwight D. Eisenhower Allied
supreme commander
Nine allied divisions invaded on DDay, 3 airborne and 6 infantry, 150,000
soldiers
12,000 planes
5,000 ships escorted the invasion
force
20,000 troops were landed by air
either parachute or gliders to protect
the flanks of the invasion force from
German counterattacks
28
Shoulder sleeve insignia are of
the American units, division and
above, that were involved in the
Normandy invasion on June 6,
1944.
THOUSANDS OF
ALLIED
SOLDIERS
ENTERED
BATTLE FROM
THE AIR
29
A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR THE SUCCESSFUL
INVASION OF FRANCE
30
Battle of the
Bulge
THE GERMANS LAUNCHED A SURPRISE ATTACK
THROUGH THE ARDENNES FOREST THAT CAUGHT THE
U.S. ARMY UNPREPARED. THE FIGHTING LASTED FROM
DECEMBER 16TH TO FEBRUARY 9TH 1945.
31
DEAD U.S. SOLDIERS WHO WERE MURDERED
BY GERMAN TROOPS AFTER SURRENDERING
32
AMERICANS CAPTURED IN
THE BATTLE OF THE
BULGE
100000
American
German
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Casualities
Killed, wounded,
captured, missing at the
Battle of the Bulge
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
American
German
Tanks
Planes
Both sides lost massive amounts of men
and equipment but while the Americans
could easily make up the losses the
Germans could not and the war would be
over within months
33
Hitler commits suicide as the Russians approach his underground bunker in
Berlin
34
German Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel surrenders at Soviet headquarters in
Berlin, May 9, 1945.
The war in Europe is over!
35
NEWSPAPERS CELEBRATE THE
SURRENDER OF GERMANY BUT
WARN THERE IS STILL JAPAN
TO DEFEAT
36
37
The war in the Pacific from Pearl Harbor to Midway
JAPANESE DECEMBER 1941 CONQUESTS
US FLEET AT PEARL HARBOR DEVASTATED BY JAPANESE
ATTACK ON DEC. 7TH
INVASION OF MALAYA DEC. 7-25
US AIRFORCES IN THE PHILIPPINES DESTROYED ON DEC.
7TH AND 8TH
US ISLAND OF GUAM CAPTURED BY JAPANESE TROOPS
DEC. 11TH
TARAWA AND MAKIN ISLANDS ATTACKED, DEC. 9TH AND
10TH
BORNEO INVADED DEC. 20TH
38
THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC FROM PEARL HARBOR TO MIDWAY
JAPANESE 1942 ADVANCES
JAPAN INVADES DUTCH BORNEO, TIMOR, CELEBES, JAN. 11
SINGAPORE FALLS, 36,000 JAPANESE CAPTURE 85,000 ALLIED
SOLDIERS, FEB. 15TH
RANGOON AND BURMA CAPTURED ON MAR. 10TH
US SURRENDERS THE PHILIPPINES ON MAY 6TH
JAPANESE PORT MORESBY INVASION FLEET TURNED BACK AT
NAVAL BATTLE OF CORAL SEA ON MAY 7TH
39
U.S. SURRENDERS THE
PHILIPPINES AND OVER
70,000 AMERICAN AND
FILIPINO SOLDIERS GO INTO
JAPANESE CAPTIVITY
WHERE MANY DIED OF
MALNUTRITION AND
MISTREATMENT.
40
BATAAN DEATH MARCH AND THE HORROR OF JAPANESE CAPTIVITY
41
THE UNITED STATES STRIKES BACK: THE
BATTLE OF MIDWAY, JUNE 1942
WHERE THE JAPANESE WOULD STRIKE AFTER CORAL SEA WAS THE
CRUCIAL QUESTION. THE US HAD THREE CARRIERS TO COUNTER ANY
JAPANESE OFFENSIVE MOVE BUT THEY NEEDED TO KNOW WHERE THEY
SHOULD BE SENT.
JOSEPH ROCHEFORT: NAVAL INTELLIGENCE
OFFICER WHO LED THE TEAM THAT BROKE
THE JAPANESE MILITARY CODE “PURPLE”
THAT ALLOWED THE US TO READ 10% TO 15%
OF THEIR CODE AND ALLOWED THE US TO
PLAN FOR A JAPANESE ATTACK ON THE US
BASE ON MIDWAY ISLAND.
42
43
THE U.S. VICTORY AT MIDWAY WAS A DEVASTATING
DEFEAT FOR JAPAN AND A TURNING POINT IN THE
PACIFIC WAR. NOW THE UNITED STATES COULD GO
ON THE OFFENSIVE WINNING BACK THE ISLANDS
CONQUERED BY JAPAN IN THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF
THE WAR.
44
•GUADALCANAL: Tough battle eventually
won by the Americans
•ISLAND HOPPING CAMPAIGN
45
PACIFIC LAND BATTLE LIST
1. JAPANESE DEC. 7TH 1941 TO MAY 6TH 1942 OFFENSIVE
2. ALEUTIAN CAMPAIGN, JUNE 7TH, 1942 –AUGUST 15, 1943
3. GUADALCANAL BATTLE, AUGUST 7TH, 1942 –FEBRUARY 9TH, 1943
4. NEW GUINEA AND THE SOLOMON’S, AUGUST 1942-MAY 1944
5. BOUGAINVILLE, AUGUST 15TH, 1943 TO MARCH 1944
6. MAKIN AND TARAWA, NOVEMBER 20TH, 1943-NOVEMBER 23RD 1943
7. KWAJALEIN AND ENIWETOK/DECEMBER 1943-FEBUARY 1944
8. THE CAPTURE OF THE ADMIRALTY ISLANDS/FEBRUARY 1944-MARCH 1944
9. THE BATTLE FOR SAIPAN/JUNE 15, 1944-JULY 7,1944
10. THE BATTLE FOR TINIAN/JUNE 16, 1944-JUNE 23,1944
11. THE RE CAPTURE OF GUAM/JULY 21-AUGUST 10, 1944
12. THE BATTLE FOR THE PALAU ISLANDS/SEPTEMBER 15-OCTOBER 13, 1944
13. THE CAPTURE OF MOROTAI/SEPTEMBER 15-SEPTEMBER 19, 1944
14. THE BATTLE FOR LEYTE/OCTOBER 17, 1944-DECEMBER 25, 1944
15. THE RECAPTURE OF LUZON/DECEMBER 15, 1944-SEPTEMBER 2, 1945
16. THE BATTLE FOR IWO JIMA/FEBUARY 19, 1945-MARCH 6, 1945
17. THE BATTLE FOR OKINAWA/APRIL 1, 1945-JUNE 26, 1945
46
MAJOR PACIFIC
LAND BATTLES.
THE DROPPING
OF THE ATOMIC
BOMB ON
JAPAN
ELIMINATED
THE NEED TO
INVADE THE
JAPANESE
HOME ISLANDS
•IWO JIMA, OKINAWA, AND THE KAMIKAZES
•FIREBOMBING OF JAPAN
•PROPOSED OPERATION DOWNFALL
•HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
47
Photos of the vicious fighting on Iwo Jima.
48
Famous photograph of the
flag raising on Mount
Suribachi on Iwo Jima taken
by Joe Rosenthal in
February of 1945
49
The U.S. suffered terrible causalities on Iwo Jima, losing
an estimated 20,000 soldiers. Total U.S. losses, mostly
Marines, were 6,821 killed, 19,217 wounded, and 2,648
cases of combat fatigue. Worse was to come when the
U.S. invaded Okinawa.
50
STRATEGIC BOMBING
CAMPAIGN OVER JAPAN,
1944-1945
51
American casualties on Okinawa would exceed 68,000. Of the nearly 16,000
servicemen killed the burden fell to the naval forces: 8,343 dead sailors, coast
guardsmen and marines, the highest toll in naval history. Much of the naval
loss was due to the Japanese use of kamikaze suicide plane attacks.
52
KAMIKAZE
Kamikazes were the suicide attacks
the Japanese began late in the war
when they realized they could not
defeat conventional US forces.
While the attacks were made mainly
in aircrafts against US ships there
were other types of kamikaze
vehicles as well. These included
small boats, flying human missiles
or ohkas, human torpedoes and
even the great battleship Yamato.
53
The horrendous losses the U.S. suffered at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
combined with the devastating kamikaze attacks was only a prelude
to the slaughter that would happened if the U.S. invaded the
Japanese home islands
All combined kamikaze
operations combined
sunk 34 ships, and
damaged 288 ships.
The most damage done by
kamikaze’s was at
Okinawa where 1465
suicide planes sank 30
ships and damages 130
more.
70000
60000
50000
40000
KILLED
WOUNDED
TOTAL
30000
20000
10000
0
IWO JIMA
OKINAWA
US losses at both battles
54
Why did the United States Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan?
1. The US was afraid the loss of human life would be in the hundredths of
thousands.
2. Political fallout from not using the bomb would hurt the Democratic party.
Americans would not tolerate a large loss of life if it could have been
prevented by a weapon.
3. Scare the Soviet Union.
Why did the Americans drop Two Atomic Bombs?
1. The Japanese military refused to surrender after the first bomb was
dropped. The code of bushido. Solider must die fighting or commit suicide.
55
THE FIRST ATOMIC
BOMB WAS DROPPED
ON THE CITY OF
HIROSHIMA
AUGUST 6TH, 1945, 70,000 KILLED
AND EVEN MORE WOUNDED
56
A second atomic bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki and the
Japanese surrendered
AUGUST 9TH, 40,000 KILLED
57
 Ground Temperature
7,000 degrees
 Hurricane force winds
 Buildings destroyed
980 miles an hour
 Killed Immediately
 Total deaths related to A-
Bomb
62,000 buildings
70,000
200,000
FOREIGN MINISTER SHIGEMITSU SIGNS JAPANESE SURRENDER
DOCUMENT
59
CAPTURED NAZI LEADERS ON TRIAL FOR THEIR CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY
60
HIDEKI TOJO, FORMER
JAPANESE PREMIER
AND WAR MINISTER,
TAKES THE STAND
DURING THE JAPANESE
WAR CRIMES TRIALS.
HE WAS FOUND GUILTY
OF WAR CRIMES AND
HANGED.
61
WW II DEATHS PER COUNTRY
62
 American Occupation of Japan till 1952
 British, French, Soviet, and US occupation of Germany
 Democratic Governments setup in Germany and Japan under
pressure from the US.
 United Nations Setup
 Soviet occupation of all of Eastern Europe Soviets setup a
buffer zone between them and the west.
 Atomic Age
 Cold War between the US and Soviet Union
 Rise of Nationalism in colonies/ beginning of independence
for African and Asian colonies
 Britain, France, Italy,& Germany all major powers in 1939 are
reduced in importance after 1945
 Rise of two Superpowers US and The Soviet Union
 Germany and Berlin divide into 4 zones of
occupation by Us, France, Britain and The Soviet
Union.
 Germany strategic location/Control Soviet
Expansion/Allies help rebuild
 Japan strategic location/Control Soviet
Expansion/US helps rebuild
 Constitution: only allowed to have a
defensive force.
 Americans setup a democracy