Transcript File - Beechen Cliff School Humanities Faculty

Revision
Causes of WW2
“The Big Picture”
The steps to war, 1919-1939
In 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power
in Germany. Between 1933 and 1939
he made moves which made war more
likely.
Versailles
&
Versailles
&
Versailles
League
Versailles
League
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League
Causes which built up over time…
Long term
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•
Hitler’s leadership and aims
The failure of the League of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles
The isolation of the USA
British Appeasement
The failure to achieve disarmament
So what did Hitler want?
I had 4
major
foreign
policy
aims.
To reverse the
Treaty of
Versailles by
taking back
the land
Germany lost.
To re-arm
Germany by
increasing the
Germany army
and building
an airforce.
To unite
German
speaking people
by uniting with
Austria.
To achieve
Lebensraum
(living space)
for the German
people by
expanding
eastwards.
How did the Treaty of Versailles
help cause WW2?
• It created bitterness in Germany.
• It helped Hitler come to power because
he promised the German people that he
would reverse it.
• It gave Hitler his foreign policy aims.
How did the failure of the League
of Nations help cause WW2?
• It failed to keep peace.
• It failed miserably in Manchuria and
Abyssinia and so set an example to
Hitler.
• It showed that Britain and France would
do almost anything to prevent war.
• Hitler learnt many lessons from all this.
What was Hitler’s attitude to the
Treaty of Versailles? [4]
• unfair – it took away land, reduced the
military and blamed Germany for causing
the war which led to reparations;
• humiliated Germany because of French
desire for revenge;
• it needed to be reversed to restore pride in
Germany
Missing words
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•
economic depression
Manchuria
weak/useless/slow
Mussolini
Abyssinia
remilitarised the Rhineland
Stresa
Britain, France, Italy
Hitler and Mussolini
Chronology
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•
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The Treaty of Versailles 1919
Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
Hitler comes to power 1933
Hitler begins to re-arm Germany 1934
The remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1936
The Rome-Berlin Axis 1936
Neville Chamberlain – appeasement 1937
The Austrian Anschluss 1938
The Munich Conference Sept 1938
Hitler gains the Sudetenland Sept 1938
The invasion of Czechoslovakia March 1939
The Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
The invasion of Poland Sept 1939
Event – Versailles treaty
• Helped Hitler come to power because it
gave him his foreign policy aims – he
could set about reversing it which helped
cause the war because it led to
Appeasement.
Event – Appeasement
• Helped cause war because it made Hitler
more confident. By letting him take various
lands, he became convinced that Britain
and France would not stop him.
Event – Manchuria
• With Abyssinia, it showed Hitler how
powerless the League of Nations was.
Therefore he had nothing to worry about.
He could do what he wanted.
Event – The Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Helped cause war because the agreement
sealed the fate of Poland. By making a
deal with the Soviets, Hitler avoided a war
on two fronts.
Event – invasion of Poland
• Started the war because Hitler had gone
too far for Britain and France. They stood
up to him finally.
Appeasement - FOR
• gave Britain time to re-arm
• a strong Germany was a barrier to
Communism
• British people did not want war
• Hitler’s first demands were not
unreasonable.
Appeasement - AGAINST
• naïve – Hitler had always made his aims
clear
• It put war off, it did not prevent it.
• It encouraged Hitler to be more
aggressive.
• It made Germany stronger.
Anyone got any good ideas about
where we should take over now?
I want the pink land!
Sudetenland
(part of
Czechoslovakia)
‘Why?’,
you ask!
Czechoslovakia’s
main defences
3 million
German
speakers
Most of Czechoslovakia’s
industry
Why did Hitler’s demands make a
war in Europe more likely?
• He was not just reversing the Treaty of
Versailles.
• He was aggressively threatening another
country.
• This was new; he had become more
confident.
Neville Chamberlain
flew over
to Germany
To meet Hitler
Then Chamberlain met Hitler again.
It looked like war!
Hitler stepped up his
demands and the
Czechs refused to
agree
So Mussolini called an emergency meeting at Munich in
October 1938
Hitler
Chamberlain
Mussolini
The Czech leader
was not invited
Daladier
(France)
Neither was Stalin (leader of Russia)
THE MUNICH CONFERENCE
Poor old Benes had
to sit outside
What do you think was
agreed at Munich?
You can have the
Sudetenland, old
chap!
So long as that’s
it, you rascal!
Cheers, Nev.
I promise that
Britain and
Germany will
never go to
war!!
The Munich Agreement
• Hitler could
take the
Sudetenland
• Britain and
Germany
would never
go to war.
Neville Chamberlain returned home
to a hero’s welcome!!
A popular song from 1938:
‘God bless you Mr Chamberlain
We’re all mighty proud of you,
You look so swell holding your umbrella,
All the world loves a wonderful fella
So carry on Mr Chamberlain,
You know we’re all with you,
And when we shout, ‘God Bless You Mr Chamberlain’,
Our hats go off to you!’
The Invasion of Poland
Step 9
On 1st September 1939, Germany invaded Poland.
Hitler used Blitzkreig tactics
Blitzkreig = lightning war
using combined forces of air
bombing, troops and tanks
The Nazis invaded
from the west.
The Russians invaded
from the east.
Remember, Hitler had made a
deal to split Poland with Russia.
The Nazi-Soviet Pact
Poland
Timeline of events 1939
•
•
•
•
August – Nazi-Soviet Pact signed
1st September – Hitler invaded Poland
2nd September – British ultimatum sent
3rd September – Britain declared war
Why did Hitler invade Poland?
The Polish Corridor
was taken away
from Germany at
Versailles.
There were
German speaking
people in Poland.
To get more living
space
(Lebensraum)
I thought I could get
away with it. I had
before!
Why did Hitler invade Poland?
Reverse the Treaty of Versailles
Living Space (Lebensraum)
German people in Poland
Appeasement
Why did the Nazi-Soviet Pact make
war inevitable?
1. It stopped Hitler having to fight a war on
two fronts if Britain attacked in the west.
2. It allowed Hitler to take most of Poland
with little effort.
Neville Chamberlain
• Chamberlain sent the
Nazis an ultimatum
(warning with a threat).
• Hitler ignored it.
• Chamberlain declared
war on Germany.
• France followed.
Exam Technique Practice –
What is the message of this cartoon?
Mars the God of War
Hitler, scared, much smaller.
Hitler did not expect
a big war. He has gambled
too much.
The message of the
cartoon is…
I know this because in
the cartoon…
My own knowledge tells
me that…
Explain why Germany invaded
Poland in 1939?
(9)
You need to explain
at least two reasons
in detail. Try to
explain three to be
on the safe side.
Don’t just identify the
reasons, explain
them!
A writing frame to help
There were several reasons
why Hitler invaded Poland.
Firstly, Hitler intended to
break the Treaty of
Versailles…..
Another reason was…
Finally, Hitler invaded
Poland because…