Transcript A – Soviet Union

10.8 Students analyze the causes
and consequences of World War II.
CH 29
The Collapse of the Old Order
1929 - 1949
The BIG PICTURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Global depression (Great Depression)
Benito Mussolini in Italy
Adolph Hitler in Germany
Stalin in Russia (Animal Farm guy)
WWI-Europe
WWI-How does Japan Fit in??
Holocaust Vs. Japanese Internment
The new warfare (holocaust and nukes)
The Global Economic Depression
• Oct. 29, 1929 –
• New York banks
• Tariffs, like the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, are passed
and decrease world trade by 62% from 1929 –
1932
• President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) “NEW
DEAL” for the United States.
Depression in other nations
• France and Britain Colonies
• Japan and Germany
• India and China
• Southern Africa
Mussolini’s Italian Fascism
• Benito Mussolini and the
“Brown Shirts”
• Established the fascist
party
• Fascism –
•
Imitated in Europe, Latin
America, China, and
Japan.
Hitler’s Fascist Germany
• Depression and hyperinflation in Germany
• Hitler was Austrian born, WWI veteran, who became the
leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(Nazi’s).
• 1925 he is put in jail where he writes Mein Kamph (My
Struggle)
• Nazis gain support
• 1933 Hitler assumes the post of Chancellor
• 1934 declares himself Fuher of the “Third Reich”
• Creates jobs, builds a military, and gets Germany out of
the Depression.
The Stalin Revolution
• Elimination of Leon Trotsky
– Oct. 1928 = 5 Year Plans
– Collectivization –
• 1933-34 “Terror Famine in the Ukraine”
• Second 5 year plan (1933 – 37)
• 1933-38- THE PURGES• SHOW TRIALS 1936-38
Stalin's tactics
• Force--• NKVD
• Citizens support
• Pay off?
WWII Begins
• WWII introduces
motorized weapons
(aircraft and aircraft
carriers)
• Blitzkrieg – “Lightning
War”
• Britain “appeasement”
Event 1:
The Czechoslovakia Crisis
Event 1:
The Czechoslovakia Crisis
Problem: Hitler wants it.
Solution: US, Great Britain and France, meet at the
Munich Conference to decided what to do
about Hitler.
Event 1:
The Czechoslovakia Crisis
•
•
•
•
Great Britain: C–
France: C-Soviet Union: D—United States: B—
Italy: B –
Event 2:
Violation of the Munich Pact
Event 2:
Violation of the Munich Pact
• Great Britain: C—Did NOT Respond
• France:C—Followed Britain's Lead
– Hoped for the best –end to Germany
takeover of territory
• Soviet Union: A—Changed foreign
policy
• Developed a “friendship” with Germany
•
United States: E– Stays Neutral. Still
Isolationist
• Italy: C- Military too weak to get
involved.
Event 3:
Invasion of Poland!!!
Event 3:
Invasion of Poland!!!
•
•
•
•
Great Britain: E
France: E –Soviet Union: D
United States: AItaly: A –
Event 4:
Invasion of France
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Great Britain:E—
France: DIVIDED
Vichy (German) France B:
Free France: E—
Soviet Union: F
United States: C–
Italy: F –
Event 5:
The Battle of Britain
Event 5:
The Battle of Britain
•
•
•
•
•
•
Great Britain: B
Vichy France: C –
Free France B –
Soviet Union C –
United States: E –
Italy: C –
Event 6:
Invasion of the Soviet Union!
Event 6:
Invasion of the Soviet Union!
•
•
•
•
•
•
Great Britain: D—
Vichy France: A—
Free France: F—
Soviet Union: B
United States: D—
Italy: A –
Event 7:
Operation Torch
U.S. and British troops landing at
Event 7:
Operation Torch
•
•
•
•
•
•
Great Britain: A –
Vichy France: F
Free France: B –
Soviet Union: C –
United States: A –
Italy: F –.
Event 8: Operation Overlord
(D-Day- Invasion of Normandy)
Event 8: Operation Overlord
(D-Day- Invasion of Normandy)
• Great Britain: A – Organizes 83,000 troops
from GB and Canada
• United States: A – Contribute 73,000
soldiers Attack on the beaches of Normandy
France
• Vichy France: A – Taken over
• Free France: A – Help in the Battle
• Soviet Union: C – Fought on Eastern front
soon to meet Allied Powers in the Middle
• Italy: A – – Italy taken over. Mussolini flees
to Germany.
Event 8: Operation Overlord
(D-Day- Invasion of Normandy)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Great Britain: A –
United States: A –
Vichy France: A –
Free France: A –
Soviet Union: C –
Italy: A – –
End to the War in Europe
• June 1944-D-day:
• Dec. 1944-Battle of the Bulge:
• March 1945. Allied soldiers approached
Berlin on the West and Soviets
approached on the East.
• May 7, 1945: Eisenhower receives
unconditional surrender from
Germany
• May 8, 1945: V-E Day- Victory in
Europe Day
– Official Surrender signed in
Berlin
Nuremberg Trails
•
•
•
Nooses Over the Dining Table
General Hap Arnold set out a dining table for the
accused at Nuremberg, complete with nooses.
The Allies put members of the Nazi
group on trial
In the 1st trials 22 leaders “Crime
against humanity.”
The bodies of the executed were
burned at Dachau concentration
camp.
Post War Plan in Europe
• Germany is split into TWO by
the Allies
– West under United States, Great
Britain and France control
– East controlled by the Soviet
Union
• United Nations is Created:
– 48 countries protect each other
from aggression
• What sorts of problems do you
see arising out of this set up?
How does Japan fit into WWII?
Emperor
Hirohito
What do you think Japan’s Motives are?
• Land, resources and capital (POWER!)
Japan’s Role in WWI:
• 1920’s tried a democracy
• Problem #1:
• Problem #2:
– Military Rule-
Japanese Military Men
Japan Military Goals:
1.
2.
Take over China and Asian Pacific
Start through Manchuria : Manchurian
Incident 1931
1.
2.
3.
Japan Challenges China in Manchuria
Take over Shanghi
Why easily taken??? China Civil War
Problem:
•
League of Nations
•
Japan
3.Sino Japanese War -Go after Bejing to work
on economic issues causing RAPE OF
NANKING
4. Continue to strike through South Pacific to
increase resources and land!!!
The Rape of Nanking
• On December 13 of 1937, the Japanese
Imperial Army marched into China’s capital
city of Nanking and murdered over half of
the population. All in all over 300,000 men
women and children were brutally killed.
This horrible event lasted until March of
1938.
• The Rape of Nanking was a
horrible event that was
promoted by the Japanese
government. After the murder
of the POW they focused their
animalistic hurt on the women
of Nanking. From young girls
of 8 to older women of 70
they were all sexually abused.
Pregnant women were not
spared.
• In some instances after
pregnant women were raped
they had their bellies slit open
and the fetuses torn out.
Sometimes after storming into a
house and encountering a whole
family the Japanese forced
Chinese men to rape their own
daughters, sons to rape their
mothers and brothers their
sisters, while the whole family
was forced to watch.
• The soldiers also used
bayonets , machine guns, live
burial and fire. Decapitation
was also a popular way to kill
Chinese heads were fed to
dogs. Women were raped,
forced to perform bizarre
sexual acts then Killed.
Fathers were forced to rape
their daughters, and sons,
their mothers. Chinese men
were forced to rape corpses.
Competitions took place
among the Japanese soldiers
to see how many Chinese
they could kill in one day
• This disgusting act occurred in the capital of
China Nanking
U S Involvement
• In exchange for their research on germ
warfare and human biology, the murderous
actions of the Japanese in China and
elsewhere in the Pacific would be ignored.
That is why today most of us do not know
about the horrible events that happened in
Nanking.
Destruction of cities
• The majority of cities in
Europe suffered from
destruction during the
war. Warsaw the capital
of Poland was almost
completely wiped out.
• Most cities we left with
no water, electricity, or
food.
After war
Frankfurt Residents Standing Among Ruins
Original caption: Residents of Frankfurt sit Amid the
bomb-blasted ruins of the City's old Romerberg, listening
over loudspeakers to the address of Willi Knothe,
chariman of the Socialist Democratic Party, July 6.
• Agriculture was
almost wiped out.
• The transportation
system was destroyed.
• Thousands of people
died of famine and
disease after the war
ended.
China’s response to the Japanese
• Although divided due to political
leadership they fought against Japanese
with no foreign support
• Chainge Kai Shek– fought Japanese army but was too weak. Fled
to mountains—builds up an army 3 million men
• Moa– built up an army too and government
• Once Sino-Japanese war was over who do
you suppose had the popular support? Why?
Chinese Civil War & Communist Victory
• Japanese surrender in September of 1945 and
leave China then a civil war between the
Guomingdong and the Communist lasts until 1949
• Guonmingdong is supported by the USA
• Communist got equipment from the Soviets
• Oct. 1, 1949 Mao Zedong announces the founding
of the Peoples Republic of China
• Chaing Kia Shek and the Guongmingdong forces
are driven to Taiwan.
Japan Becomes a Threat to the US!
• August 1940 cracking of secret
code!!
Problem:
– (Philippines and Guam)
• Japan takes French Indo-China
• If you were the President of the
US what would you do now?
Japan sees the U.S. as a threat!!
• Isoroku Yamamoto:
• Sees Pearl Harbor as “…a
dagger at our throat!!!”
• What does he mean by this?
• Dec. 7 1941
• In 2 hours, 10 ships, 8 battle ships,
and 2,400 men are gone!!
Japan and its Victories
• Jan. 1942:
• Philippines, Hong Kong,
Malaya, Singapore, East
Indies, Java, Sumatra,
Burma, and Borneo
• 1 Million Square Miles of
land
• 150 million people
controlled
Military General Douglas Macarthur
• Plans to Squeeze the
Japanese
• Military tactic: Island
Hopping
“Hit them where they ain’t
…let them die on the
vine…”
Iwo Jima
• March 1945 Americans
took Iwo Jima 660 miles
from Tokyo.
• April 1st troops moved
into Okinawa only 350
miles from southern
Japan.
• June 22nd the bloodiest
land battle ended battle
portion of war
How does the U.S. end this??
• President Truman had a
decision to make• either send US troops into
Japan with the possibility
with losing ½ a million
lives
• Or drop the bomb.
• The A-bomb was during
the top secret Manhattan
Project.
• What would you do?
A-Bomb Cont.
• Truman warned the Japanese,
they did not reply, so on August
6, 1945 the US dropped the
bomb on Hiroshima killing
73,000 people.
• Three days later the US
launched the second bomb on
Nagasaki killing around 37,000
people.
• Japan surrendered to General
Douglas MacArthur on
September 2nd on the US battle
ship the Missouri outside of
Tokyo Bay
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Effects of Japan’s Defeat
• U.S. occupies Japan
•Japan to Demilitarize
•U.S. provides $ 2 Billion in Aide
• American Political Advisors create a
constitution
•Emperors Powers Reduced
•Constitutional Monarchy
•Two-house Parliament
• Men and Women over the age of 20
can vote
Enemies
Become
Allies!!
Post War Plan in Europe
• Germany is split into TWO by
the Allies
– West under United States, Great
Britain and France control
– East controlled by the Soviet
Union
• United Nations is Created:
– 48 countries protect each other
from aggression
• What sorts of problems do you
see arising out of this set up?
Post War: US
• Emerges as the richest
most powerful nation
on earth
• Why do you think that
is?
• 400,000 Americans
were killed
• None of the fighting
was done on US soil
Post War: Soviet Union (USSR)
• 1 in 4 soviets was
wounded or killed in WW
II
• The USSR suffered 400
times more deaths than the
United States
• Many of the Soviet cities
were demolished
• With all this devastation,
how do you think the
Soviet Union is still able
to be a superpower in the
world?
Post War Goals of the Super Powers
List the goals you think each would have
1.
2.
3.
4.
United
Encourage democracy in other
countries
States
Gain access to raw materials
(remember Imperialism) in
other countries
Rebuild European
governments to create markets
for American goods
Reunite Germany
1.
2.
3.
4.
USSR
Encourage communism in
other countries
Rebuild It’s war ravaged
economy using Eastern
Europe's industrial equipment
Control Eastern Europe to
protect the Soviet Union
boarders
Keep Germany divided to
prevent it from waging war
again.
How might each countries goals create
So now that the war is over and the Allies
have split up Germany what next?
Develop the: United Nations
• June 1945 - 48 countries ally to protect
against aggressors
• “General Assembly”- peace keeping group
each who could cast a vote in decisions
• “Security Council” 11 members had the power
to investigate and settle disputes
• The 5 permanent members-Britain,
China, France, the USA , and the USSR.
• Who do you think hold the most power?
UN: Based out of
New York.
Why do you suppose that is?
The Holocaust
• Nazi policy of systematically killing civilians
–
–
–
–
–
–
Jews
Polish Catholics
Homosexuals
Jehovah Witness’s
Gypsies
The handicapped
• Hitler’s goals was to achieve “racial purity” of the
Aryan people through the “final solution”
Holocaust Review: Stages
1. Stage One: Identification of the
Jewish people
2. Kristallnact- Night of the
broken glass
3. Isolating the Jewish-Ghettos
4. Labor Camps
5. Final Solutions--Genocide
Jewish People of the Holocaust
• Tagged Jewish people with the
Star of David
• Placed them into the Ghettostaking all of their possessions
• Jews were used in factories and
labor camps for the war effort
• If they could not work they were
executed
• Later the Jewish people were
placed into Death Camps
• Families separated- children
taken
• Final Solution- GENOCIDEethnic cleansing of an entire
population!!!
Jewish Casualties
Country
Original
Population
Number
Murdered
% That
Survived
Poland
3.3 Million
3 Million
10%
Soviet Union
2.85 Million
1.25 Million
56%
Hungary
650 Thousand 450 Thousand
30 %
Romania
600 Thousand 300 Thousand
50%
Germany/
Austria
240 Thousand 200 Thousand
16%
The Home Front
• In Europe and Asia civilians were in as much
danger as the military
– Executive Order 9066 placed all western state
Japanese-Americans in internment camps
• War itself damaged the environment and increased
production caused pollution
Public Notice
Notices are posted that all persons with Japanese ancestry
must register with the government
These registries are later used for evacuations
Enemy Aliens are Arrested
Evacuation!!
Ouster=
The
act of ejecting or
forcing out
Relocation Camp Locations
Japanese-owned Businesses
• For thousands of Japanese
American homeowners and
small businessmen, moving
out also meant selling out
— quickly, and at an
enormous loss. The total
dollar value of the property
loss has been estimated at
as much as 1.3 billion
dollars. Net income losses
may have been as high as
2.7 billion dollars (both in
1983 dollars).
Many store owners lost their businesses as a result
of the internment
Farming Loss
• Lawrence Hewes, regional
director of the Farm Security
Administration, charged with
confiscating or selling
Japanese land holdings, said
FSA field agents had
registered 6000 farms totaling
approximately 200,000 acres.
The FSA received
applications to acquire
vacated farms from more
than 2000 farmers. Hewes
said more than 1000 Japanese
farms, totaling 50,000 acres,
were transferred to new
owners during March 1942.
American Perceptions of the Japanese
“A Jap's a Jap. It
makes no difference
whether the Jap is a
citizen or not."
— General John L.
DeWitt, Commander,
Western Defense
Command, 1942
“HOT” events of the
“COLD” WAR
The War of science
• Huge death toll and vast numbers of refugees.
Unprecedented human suffering.
• Development of synthetic rubber and radar
• Cryptanalysis and antibiotics (penicillin)
• Aircraft, missiles, and atomic weapons
• Bombing raids were not limited to military targets
• Fire bombing was used in cities to break the
citizens moral