Transcript the early battles

Terms for Mobilizing / Life on
the Home Front
• Cost Plus = government agreed to pay company
the cost of converting to wartime materials.
• Double V = victory over racism in Germany and
at home.
• Tuskegee Airmen = The first African American
Air Force unit.
• Zoot suit = Caused racial tension toward
hispanics in California.
• Rationing = limit purchase of products so that
the military has enough
• Victory gardens = grow your own food
Assignment
• Complete packet for “Mobilizing for War”
and “Life on the Home Front”
reflection
• What did Churchill know would lead to a modern war?
• How did congress support factories that converted to wartime
production?
• What is the significance of cost plus contracts?
• What industry was uniquely suited to mass production of wartime
goods?
• Who created an assembly line for the enormous b-24 bomber?
• How were liberty ships different from other ships?
• When did American opinions about a peacetime draft change?
• What was the goal of “double V” campaign?
• What were the accomplishments of the Tuskegee airmen?
• What challenges did the USA face as it mobilized?
Terms for “The Early Battles”
• Convoy System = made it difficult for German
Submarines to sink cargo ships
• Douglas MacArthur = Army General that promised to
return to the Philippines.
• Bataan Death March = 10,000 American prisoners died
at the hands of the Japanese
Warm Up for “The Early Battles”
• Why were jobs suddenly available to women and minorities?
• What challenges did Americans at home face during the war?
• Why were many Americans offended by the Zoot Suit worn by
Mexican Americans in Southern California?
• What happened to many Americans of Japanese ancestry who lived
along the west coast during WWII?
• What was the purpose of Victory Gardens?
• Why did the government begin rationing consumer goods?
• What items did Americans contribute to scrap drives?
• How did the government pay the cost of the war?
THE EARLY BATTLES
SETTING THE STAGE
• THE EARLY BATTLES OF THE WAR ON
BOTH FRONTS REQUIRED CHANGES
IN STRATEGY FROM ALL SIDES. IN
THE PACIFIC, THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
WAS A MAJOR TURNING POINT
AGAINST THE JAPANESE, WHILE THE
BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC AND THE
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD MADE IT
CLEAR THAT GERMANY WOULD NOT
WIN THE WAR.
HOLDING THE LINE AGAINST JAPAN
• AFTER THE ATTACK OF PEARL HARBOR, JAPAN CONTINUED
TO WIN VICTORY AFTER VICTORY IN THE PACIFIC
• JAPANESE TROOPS LANDED ON THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,
STRONGLY OUTNUMBERING AMERICAN FORCES
• GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR ORDERED A RETREAT TO
BATAAN PENINSULA.
THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES
• EVENTUALLY, THE BATAAN DEFENDERS WOULD
SURRENDER DUE TO HORRIBLE CONDITIONS
• THEY WERE FORCED TO MARCH 65 MILES TO A JAPANESE
PRISON CAMP. 10,000 TROOPS DIED ON THE WAY =
• THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH (page 723)
THE DOOLITTLE RAID ON TOKYO
• BY EARLY 1942, THE UNITED STATES WAS PREPARING TO
DROP BOMBS ON TOKYO
• FDR ORDERED LT. COL JAMES DOOLITTLE TO COMMAND
THE SUICIDAL MISSION
• DOOLITTLES RAID DID LITTLE DAMAGE TO TOKYO, BUT HAD
HUGE CONSEQUENCES:
• PSYCHOLOGICAL BLOW FOR THE JAPANESE,MORALE LIFT
FOR THE USA
THE BATTLE OF CORAL SEA
• AFTER DOOLITTLE’S RAID, JAPAN REALIZED IT MUST CRUSH
THE AMERICAN FLEET
• THANKS TO CODE BREAKERS, THE USA WAS ABLE TO KEEP
SUPPLY LINES OPEN TO AUSTRALIA
• THE BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA WAS ALSO THE FIRST
NAVAL BATTLE FOUGHT COMPLETELY WITH AIR POWER
THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY: THE TURNING
POINT
• CODE BREAKERS ALSO ALLOWED ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ
TO AMBUSH THE JAPANESE AT MIDWAY
• AT FIRST THE JAPANESE WERE CRUSHING THE AMERICANS,
BUT “THE MIRACLE AT MIDWAY” LED TO A MAJOR VICTORY!!
• THE JAPANESE LOST 4 CARRIERS, HUNDREDS OF PLANES,
AND HAD 3,057 KILLED = NEVER COULD RECOVER
• THE JAPANESE WOULD HAVE TO GO ON THE DEFENSE,
AMERICAN CAN NOW GO ON THE OFFENSIVE!
STOPPING THE GERMANS
• IN 1942, JOSEPH STALIN WANTED FDR TO DIRECTLY ATTACK
GERMANY IN EUROPE
• FDR INSTEAD ATTACKED NORTH AFRICAN FRENCH
TERITORIES UNDER GERMAN CONTROL)
THE STRUGGLE FOR N. AFRICA
• GENERAL PATTON LED AMERICAN FORCES IN MOROCCO.
THEY QUICKLY CAPTURED CASABLANCA
• THE GERMAN GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL (THE DESERT FOX)
WHIPPED AMERICAN FORCES IN TUNISIA
• FINALLY, THE COMBINED FORCES OF THE BRITISH AND THE
AMERICANS WERE ABLE TO DEFEAT ROMMEL AT EL
ALAMEIN IN 1943
THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
• BY AUGUST OF 1942, GERMAN SUBS HAD SUNK 360
AMERICAN SHIPS OFF OUR OWN COAST
• THIS CONVINCED THE AMERICAN NAVY TO SET UP A
CONVOY SYSTEM
• NEW TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS RADAR, SONAR, AND
IMPROVED DEPTH CHARGES - VICTORY
THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
• IN THE SPRING OF 1942, HITLER ORDERED HIS TROOPS TO
CAPTURE STALINGRAD AT ALL COSTS
• GERMANS UNPREPARED FOR WINTER, SOVIETS FOUGHT
FIERCLY FOR EVERY INCH OF CITY
• IN NOVEMBER, SOVIET REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVED AND
TRAPPED GERMANS IN CITY
• ENTIRE ELITE GERMAN 5TH ARMY SURRENDERS = GERMANY
NO LONGER ON THE OFFENSIVE = RETREATING
reflection
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What is the historical significance of General Douglas MacArthur?
What effect did the Doolittle Raid have on the war against Japan?
How did the Japanese change their strategy after the Doolittle Raid?
What is the historical significance of the Battle of the Coral Sea?
How was the Battle of Midway a major turning point in the war
against Japan?
Why did FDR and Churchill want to defeat Germany in N. Africa
before staging a European invasion?
Who commanded the German forces in North Africa?
What battle proved to be the turning point in N. Africa against the
Germans?
How did the United States win the Battle of the Atlantic?
How was the battle of Stalingrad a major turning point in the fight to
defeat German forces in the Soviet Union?