Transcript Chapter 17 Lesson 3 Day 1

Discussion
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What challenges do you think
countries faced in finding workers to
fill all the industrial jobs needed to
increase military production?
With many young men fighting on the
fronts, countries would have had a
shortage of industrial workers— in many
cases needing to fill industrial jobs with
women, older men, and even children.
Emergency Measures in the Soviet Union
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Death of many civilians: Early Soviet defeats led to
drastic emergency measures that greatly affected the
civilian population. Many civilians died in such battles as the
Siege of Leningrad.
Movement of factories: Faced with rapid German
advances, Soviet workers dismantled whole factories and
shipped them to interior parts of the country to continue
the production of military supplies.
Shortages of food and housing: The focus on production
of supplies for the military led to shortages among the
citizenry.
Role of women: The numbers of women working in
industries increased sharply, and women even fought in
battles.
Rapid Economic Mobilization in the United States
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Population shifts and
shortages: Workers who moved to the
locations of new factories faced a shortage
of housing and schools.
African American migration: The
movement of African Americans seeking
jobs in industries often led to racial
tensions.
Internment of Japanese
Americans: On the West Coast, many
Japanese Americans were held in
internment camps.
Delayed Economic Mobilization in Germany
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Slowness of full economic mobilization: Determined to
avoid the collapse of the home front that Germany
experienced during World War I, Hitler was slow to cut the
production of consumer goods. German forces plundered
the goods of defeated countries to provide for the home
front. Only when the war turned in favor of the Allies did he
order a total mobilization of the economy, increasing arms
production and closing schools, theaters, and cafés.
Attitudes toward women: Even as more and more men
went off to war, the numbers of women contributing to the
war effort did not increase much.
Preparedness for War in Japan
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Initial state of high mobilization: After years
of war with China, Japan was already mobilized
for war. The government controlled prices,
wages, labor, and resources.
Call for civilian sacrifices: Traditions of
obedience and hierarchy were used to encourage
Japanese citizens to make sacrifices for the
national cause—including volunteering to become
kamikaze pilots.
Reluctance to mobilize woman: Few women
took jobs that directly contributed to the war
effort. Instead, needed laborers were brought
from other countries.
Discussion
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During the early part of the war, how did
Germany's approach to the economy and
civilian sacrifice differ from Japan's?
The German government was afraid that morale would
suffer if sacrifices were requested of the citizenry early
in the war. Therefore, Hitler did not immediately order a
cut in the production of consumer goods and an increase
in military production. Japan was already in full
mobilization when it entered the war, with the
government controlling the economy. From the start,
leaders encouraged citizens to make and endure
sacrifices and contribute to the war effort.
Background
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Fearing a Japanese invasion following the attack
on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. government established
the U.S. War Relocation Authority to organize the
removal of people of Japanese ancestry from
their homes on the West Coast. Some 110,000
people were moved to isolated relocation centers
in California, Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and
Arkansas. Housed in military barracks, adults
were given few opportunities and children were
given little education. In 1988, the government
apologized for the internments and passed
legislation providing payments to the surviving
victims.
Discussion
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What sacrifices did civilians make to
support the war effort during World
War II?
Civilians coped with shortages of food,
housing, and consumer goods; women
worked in businesses and factories, and
some served in the military; children lost
homes and schools, and some worked in
factories and served in the military;
civilians suffered terrible casualties