Transcript Chapter 25 Section 2 Retaking Europe

Warm-up
4/23/09
• Lets look at some propaganda for a few
minutes.
Warm-up
4/24/09
• Look at your terms for 10 minutes
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• United States and
Great Britain agree to
the Atlantic Charter
(1941)—basic
principles to lead the
two countries through
the war and the years
after the war
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• Americans Join the
Struggle
– U.S. joined the war on
the side of the Allied
Powers—Axis powers
were controlling most
of Europe and moving
into Northern Africa
– Germany and Italy
were feeling very
confident of their
chances of winning the
war!!!
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• Americans Join the
Struggle
– Great Britain and the
U.S. were trying to
control the Atlantic
trade routes—German
u-boats were making
the task very
dangerous
Battle of the Atlantic
– German u-boats
were attacking
many U.S. and
British ships—the
U.S. and Britain
responded by using
the convoy system
to protect their
ships the best they
could
video
• War of Atlantic
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• Americans Join the
Struggle
– American soldiers help
to make German and
Italian soldiers
surrender in Northern
Africa
• Retaking Northern
Africa was key to the
Allied plans to retaking
Europe
– Northern Africa would
be used as a major
area of planning
during 1942 and 1943
Video
• North African campaign
Warm-up 4/27/09
• Write the question down
• How did the allied decision to delay an
invasion of Western Europe and fight
instead in North Africa and Italy affect the
Soviet Union?
Invasion of Italy
• After North Africa, the allies invaded Sicily.
• This frightened the Italians and they lost
faith in Mussolini. He was removed from
office.
• Italy’s new government surrendered and
joined the allies.
• The German’s surrendered in April 1945.
Invasion of Italy
• Mussolini was shot
and killed and hung
as he tried to flee
across the northern
border.
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• War in the Soviet Union
– The Germans attacked the Soviet Union—
breaking the Non Aggression Pact
– Many Soviet citizens welcomed the Germans
because they thought they were going to be
saved from the control of Stalin—Hitler
ordered the killing of any Soviet citizen and
soldier—no surrenders or prisoners would be
accepted
German Soldiers Invading the
Soviet Union
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• War in the Soviet Union
– The German and Soviet soldiers had a stand
off in the city of Stalingrad
• Stalin knew that if they gave up Stalingrad, the
Soviet Union would have to surrender to Germany
• Hitler knew if he was able to defeat the Soviets in
Stalingrad, the Soviets would surrender
• The Soviet Union used the harsh winter to their
advantage—helped defeat the Germans who
weren’t used to the winter in the Soviet Union
Soviet Soldiers in Winter Gear
Video
• Stalingrad and allied air war.
Warm-up 4/28-09
• If you were planning bombing raids in
Germany, what would you target?
Allied air power
• For a successful
invasion of western
Europe, The allies
needed air superiority.
• The British begin a
technique called
carpet bombing.
• Bombing dropping
large numbers of
bombs over a wide
area.
Allied air power
• The U.S initiated
daylight bombing
raids but took huge
losses due to the lack
of fighter cover.
• With the advent of
The P-51 Mustang,
bombing missions to
Berlin begin.
D-Day Video
Europe Before the D-Day Invasion
(1944)
D-Day June 6, 1944
• Allied Forces invade
France to drive out
the Axis Powers
(Liberate France)
– Almost 5,000 Allied
Ships
– 23,000 Allied
paratroopers
– 150,000 Allied soldiers
– **the invasion was key
to the Allied Powers
attempts of pushing
the Germans back to
Germany
Allied Paratroopers
Allied Troops Waiting to Land on
the Beach (Normandy, France)
Allied Troops Landing on the Beach
(Normandy, France)
Warm Up 4-29-09
• Explain the significance of the D-Day
invasion.
• Type 2, 5-6 complete sentences with
supporting details.
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• As the Germans are being pushed back to
Germany, they put up one final stand
• Battle of the Bulge—(Mid-December 1944)
– Involved 600,000 troops (Allied Powers)
• 80,000 Allied soldiers died
• 100,000 German soldiers died
• **Germans lost the battle—German leaders recognize that
they lost the war—Germany surrenders to Allied
Powers…against Hitler’s wishes
the bulge
Soviet forces advance
• The fighting between
Germans and the soviets
was fierce.
• 11 million soviets and 3
million Germans died.
• After the hardships the
Soviets endured, they
believed the capture of
Berlin a matter of “honor”
• Like Stalingrad the battle
of Berlin was house to
house and hand to hand.
Berlin
Germany Surrenders
• Hitler commits suicide
on April 30th 1945.
• Germany surrenders
on Mat 8th 1945.
• This becomes V-E
Day and millions of
Americans celebrate
the end of the war in
Europe.
Chapter 25 Section 2
Retaking Europe
• Yalta Conference—U.S., Great Britain, France,
and Soviet Union agreed to split Germany into 4
zones—each zone controlled by one country—
Berlin also spilt into 4 zones
• **Stalin (Soviet Union) did not live up to the
agreement of free elections in his controlled
area—foundation of many disputes between
Soviet Union and U.S. in the future
Warm Up 5-1-09
**Analyze the map on pg. 844 in your book.
***Which country do you think was
changed the most by the Holocaust?
Why?
Chapter 25 Section 3
The Holocaust
• Holocaust—Nazi Germany’s systematic murder
of all European Jews
– Holocaust Era included the following:
•
•
•
•
Concentration camps
Death camps
Genocide
Warsaw Ghetto—area in Poland, where all Jews in the area
were forced to live
• **pg. 844 in your book has the estimated number of Jews
killed during the Holocaust Era
Auschwitz’ Main Gate (Death
Camp)
Auschwitz Prisoners
Video clip time
Warm-up 5/5/09
• How did World War 2 help the U.S. get out
of the great depression?
• Type 1 5-6 lines
War in the Pacific
• After Pearl Harbor,
• The Japanese were
winning battles
against the allies with
staggering victories.
Philippines
• April 1942 the
Philippines fall.
• Many soldiers facing
starvation in the
islands, the U.S Army
surrenders (76,000
Filipino and
Americans troops.
• The Japs create the
Bataan death march,
15,000 soldiers died.
• This was against the
Geneva Convention.
Philippines
• General Macarthur is
forced to retreat by
PT boat. He told the
Filipinos “ I shall
return” This becomes
a rallying cry during
the Pacific war.
Defending Burma and China
• China joined the allies
in 1941. China’s
ragtag forces were
suffering defeats from
the Japs regardless of
American volunteer
units like the flying
tigers.
Defending Burma and China
• The Allies were forced
to retreat into India.
Leaving the Burma
road to the Japs.
• The allies relied on air
power to deliver
supplies to allies in
China.
Warm Up 5-6-09
• Do you feel that dropping the atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was
the correct solution to ending WW2?
• Explain why or why not. If you disagree,
provide an alternative solution for ending
WW2 against Japan.
War at Sea
• After Pearl Harbor,
America gets payback
when Colonel
Doolittle uses B-25
bombers to bomb
Tokyo. The raid
doesn’t do much
damage but it is a
huge moral booster at
home and shocked
Japan’s leadership;
Why?
War at Sea
• Battle of the Coral
sea. This sea battle
involved air craft
carriers from both
sides. Though both
sides suffered, the
battle was considered
a draw. But it
prevented the Japs
from invading
Australia.
War at Sea
The Battle of Midway.
In the Pacific, this is the
turning point for Allied
forces in the pacific.
The Japanese lost 4
aircraft carriers and
250 planes with most
of Japan's skilled
pilots.
After Midway Japan
could not launch any
more offensive battles
in the Pacific.
Battle of Guadalcanal
• Midway victory allows
the allies to go on the
offensive. Marines
land forces on the
island of
Guadalcanal. This is
the first of the islandhopping campaign
by the allies.
Battle of Guadalcanal
• The marines slog
through swamps and
jungles to the
Japanese for
Henderson field.
From here the Japs
can mount bombing
attacks against
Australia.
• This is Americas first
island hopping
campaign. From this
victory they began to
roll Jap forces back.
Philippines Campaign
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
was the greatest
naval battle in world
history. The Japs
introduced the
Kamikaze into their
strategy.
• This battle virtually
destroys what left of
Japanese's navy
power.
Philippines Campaign
October 1944 MacArthur
and 160,000 troops
invade the Philippines.
MacArthur proclaimed “ I
have returned”
80,000 Japs died defending
the islands.
The islands are finally won
in June 1945.
Chapter 25 Section 4
War in the Pacific
• Battles in Iwo Jima and Okinawa
(islands near Japan)
– Japanese soldiers were fighting to the death
to stop the Allied advance into Japan
– More than 25,000 Allied soldiers killed during
the battles for the 2 islands
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Chapter 25 Section 4
War in the Pacific
• FDR authorized the Manhattan Project—
top secret project to develop the Atomic
bomb
– FDR died suddenly in April 1945
– Harry S. Truman (vice president) took over as
President of the United States
Chapter 25 Section 4
War in the Pacific
• President Truman considered many possibilities
for ending the war against Japan because the
U.S. had so many soldiers killed:
– Massive invasion—would kill millions of Allied
soldiers
– Naval blockade of Japan
– Demonstration of atomic bomb on deserted island
to pressure Japan to surrender
– Softening of Allied demands to help Japan decide
on unconditional surrender
Chapter 25 Section 4
War in the Pacific
• Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Truman’s goal was to force Japan to
surrender—did not want anymore Allied
soldiers to die
• Japan surrendered 4 days after the
bomb was dropped on Nagasaki—END
OF WW2!!!
Chapter 25 Section 4
War in the Pacific
• **the 2 atomic bomb blasts killed at least
80,000 people
• **90% of the buildings in the 2 cities were
damaged or destroyed
Notecheck Assignments
•
•
•
•
Notes
Terms
Review
3 Warm Ups-Which country was changed
most by the Holocaust? How did World
War 2 help the U.S. get out of the great
depression?
• Should we have dropped the atomic
bombs?
During the Test
• WRITE YOUR NAME and TEST FORM LETTER
ON YOUR SCANTRON
• WRITE SHORT ANSWER ON BACK OF
SCANTRON
• KEEP YOUR EYES ON YOUR OWN TEST
• WHEN FINISHED, GRAB A WORD SEARCH
STAY QUIET UNTIL I TELL
YOU EVERYONE IS FINISHED!!!
Warm Up 3-17-08
• Explain some of the difficulties the
Tuskegee Airmen had to endure during
their training.—Give at least 2 examples!!
• Predict some of the difficulties they may
have to face during the movie today.—
Give at least 2 examples!!
Get Your Tuskegee Paper Ready to
Turn In and Share With the Class
Tuskegee Airmen Assignment