Transcript New Reproductive Technology

New
Reproductive
Technology
Juan Felipe Pardo y Paulina Campo 10F
Types of NEW Reproductive Technology
There are many new types of reproductive
technology such as:
 Cloning
 Synthetic cells
 IPS (Induced pluripotent stem cell)
 Parthenogenesis
CLONING
Cloning
Cloning is the creation of an organism
that is an exact copy of other organism
 Every single part of their organisms are
exactly the same between them
 There are two types of cloning, such as
artificial embryo twining and somatic cell
nuclear transfer.

Artificial Embryo Twining
Natural cloning occurs after
fertilization in an egg cell and a
sperm cell, by the other hand
artificial embryo twining does
the same but in a petri dish.
In artificial cloning the embryo
needs to be separated manually.
Click in the image to see how cloning works
somatic cell nuclear transfer

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This uses a different
process than Artificial
Embryo Twinning, but the
results will be the same
This was the method
used to clone Dolly the
sheep
To understand Somatic
Cell Nuclear Transfer we
first need to understand
what does it means.
Click in image to see how it works
Example of Somatic Cell Transfer

Dolly the sheep was a cloned sheep that was
created between 1996 and 1997 (but cloning
technologies exist from before)
SYNTHETIC CELL
In the picture: Craig Venter and Dan Gibson
Synthetic Cell
This provides a basis of creating
organisms from scratch
 Dan Gibson and Craig Venter were the
creators of this cell
 “The aim of the project is to be able to
carry all the information required for
making life in a memory stick”

How was it possible to achieve this
For the past 15 years the genomes of
many organisms were sequenced and
deposited in databases (A genome is a
series of “instructions” that the cell have
on how to develop that’s what make us
humans)
 Since 2008 they are trying to generate
synthetic life by transferring bacterial
genomes into a host

Creation Process
"If we can really get cells to do the
production that we want, they could
help wean us off oil and reverse
some of the damage to the
environment by capturing carbon
dioxide.“
-Craig Venter
IPSC (INDUCED
PLURIPOTENT STEM
CELL)
IPSC (Included Pluporient Stem Cell)
These cells are adult cells that can be
genetically reprogrammed
 In 2006 and 2007 they found that human
and mouse fibroblasts could be
reprogrammed to generate induced
pluripotent stem cells (Fibroblasts are
cells that contribute to the formation of
connective tissue)

Uses and limitations of IPSC
IPSC are going to be useful tools for drug
development and modeling diseases
 They hope to use them in transplantation
medicine
 In animal studies the viruses used to
introduce the stem cell factors sometimes
causes cancer. (there are currently making
researches to avoid these)

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The tissue delivered
from this process will be
almost identical match
to the cell donor and
will probably avoid
rejection of the immune
system
PARTHENOGENESIS
Parthenogenesis or “Virgin Birth”
Parthenogenesis can be considerated as
another way of asexual reproduction
 This is a process in witch a female egg is
capable to reproduce with out the need
of a male (sperm or any male cells)
 This process will be between two females
and the product will be a female

Parthenogenesis or “Virgin Birth”
Few plants and bacteria are capable of self
reproduction with out the need of a male
 In mammals there should be needed a
male and a female in order to the embryo
have a proper development
 In the process of creating Kaguya a
similar thing of having male and female
cells ocured

Example of Parthenogenesis
Kaguya is an example of parthenogenesis
 2 Female cells where needed, one of them
should have been mature
 The “young” cell was tricked to believe it
was a male cell (they imprinted it)
 Kaguya was one of only two mice out of
457 eggs to survive

Kaguya
Kaguya had a
normal
development and
was capable of
producing offspring
with a male mouse
bibliography
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http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,629387,00.html
http://www.yourgenome.org/dgg/general/genomes/genomes_1.shtml
http://www.monstersandcritics.com/science/news/article_1557369.php/Sci
entists-create-first-synthetic-cell
http://studyrank.com/human-cloning-will-the-childrens-be-damaged/
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18942-immaculate-creation-birthof-the-first-synthetic-cell.html
http://studyrank.com/human-cloning-will-the-childrens-be-damaged/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10132762
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fibroblast
http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2008/0929stem_cells.shtml
http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics10.asp
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Parthenogenesis/
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Technology/story?id=118237&page=1#.T0MJ
ovEge8A