Transcript Israel and the Occupied Territories

CHAPTER 21
World War II
Section 3:
Axis Gains
Objectives:
How did German control of Norway, Denmark,
and the Low Countries benefit
Hitler?
What success did German forces experience in
France?
What role did the United States play at the
beginning of the war, and how did
that role change?
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Bell Ringer 21.3:
What are the similarities and differences between
Vichy France and occupied France?
Vichy France
Occupied France
both
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After France and GB agreed to Hitler’s
demands at the Munich Conference, the
German leader believed he had little to
fear from the Western leaders.
“I saw them at Munich,” he said. “They are little worms.”
Germany’s invasion of Poland brought immediate
declarations of war from GB and France.
But Hitler had the advantage and the momentum …
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blitzkrieg
Describes an all-mechanized force of tanks,
infantry, artillery and air power,
concentrating overwhelming force and rapid
speed to break through enemy lines.
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Everyone expected Hitler to attack western Europe with his
‘blitzkrieg’ tactics, but nothing happened (indeed, on 6 October,
Hitler offered peace).
Meanwhile, Britain and France made no effort to attack Hitler. A
British Expeditionary Force of four divisions – 158,000 men with
25,000 vehicles – left for France on 11 Sept, but it was too small and
poorly-equipped to challenge the Nazi army.
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The period came to be called ‘the phoney war’.
Britain prepared for war.
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.. until, suddenly, on 9 April 1940, Nazi forces attacked
Denmark and Norway.
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Chamberlain
is replaced…
Winston
Churchill
becomes
Prime
Minister.
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Hitler expand his attacks . . . the Low Countries (the Netherlands,
Belgium and Luxembourg) –
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Battle of
Dunkirk
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Political Cartoon
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Germany turns to attack
the heart of France
5 June 1940.
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The battles were not the same as during WWI . . .
Hitler’s forces bombed and machine-gunned civilians trying to flee.
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The Fall of France
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Italy declared war on France on 10 June.
The French government fled to port of
Bordeaux, and Paris was occupied on 14
June.
The 17th of June, Marshal Pétain (a
WWI hero) had formed a new gov’t and
publicly announced France would ask
for an armistice.
On 22 June, an armistice was signed
between France and Germany, going
into effect on 25 June.
For the Axis, the campaign was a
spectacular victory.
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Vichy France
Political Cartoon
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Under the leadership of
General Charles deGaulle,
a Free French government
was formed and set up
its headquarters in London.
It is quite true that we were, and still are, overwhelmed by enemy mechanised
forces, both on the ground and in the air. It was the tanks, the planes, and the
tactics of the Germans, far more than the fact that we were outnumbered, that
forced our armies to retreat. … But has the last word been said? Must we abandon
all hope? Is our defeat final and irremediable? To those questions I answer - No!
… This war is not limited to our unfortunate country. The outcome of the struggle
has not been decided by the battle of France. This is a world war! … Whatever
happens, the flame of French resistance must not and shall not die.
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Maquis:
predominantly rural
guerrilla bands of the
French Resistance
Initially they were composed
of men who had escaped
into the mountains to avoid
conscription into Vichy
France's Service du travail
obligatoire (STO) to provide
forced labour for Germany.
They fought the occupying Germans by engage in sabotage –
blowing up bridges, wrecking trains, cutting communications…
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After France fell,
many thought Britain
would prove even
weaker . . .
Hitler began bombing…
The Battle of Britain
had begun …
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The bombing continued nonstop during September and October . . .
Hitler believed that he could destroy the
British people’s will
to fight.
The Royal Air Force (RAF) flew
combat missions day after day –
night after night.
The RAF had a new weapon . . . Radar!
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The Luftwaffe continued its bombing for many months . . . And the
British began to make stronger and heavier attacks on German cities.
Germany hoped that its naval blockade would STARVE
Great Britain into surrender . . .
This might have happened if not for?????
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The U.S. Congress pass the Neutrality Acts between 1935-37,
stating that the U.S. wished to stay neutral in future wars.
These isolationists believed that Europe’s wars
should not concern Americans.
But their power will fade as fears grew that
the Nazis would take over the world.
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In 1939 the Acts were revised to allow American companies to
sell munitions to warring nations . . .
In March of 1941, Congress would pass the Lend-Lease Act
authorizing the President to supply war materials to
Great Britain on credit.
Atlantic Charter
Aug 1941
Churchill and Roosevelt
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Atlantic Charter
Aug 1941
Churchill and Roosevelt
…believed that nations must abolish the use of force and
establish … the creation of an international organization.
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occupied
Vichy
Pétain headed
government, collaborated
with Germany, controlled
French colonies
both
French
citizens, Nazi
control
German troops,
German administration
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Bell Ringer 21.3:
What are the similarities and differences between
Vichy France and occupied France?
Vichy France
Occupied France
both