Transcript Chapter 16 World War II

Chapter 16
World War II
Honors World History
C. Simmons
Chapter 16 Section 1
Hitler’s Lightning War
Germany Starts War
• Nazi-Soviet Pact – secret agreement b/t Hitler
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and Stalin splitting Poland
Hitler attacked Poland wanting the Polish
corridor returned to Germany
Germany used strategic tactic – blitzkrieg
Stalin sent Soviet troops to attack Poland and
Eastern European countries, Estonia, Lithuania,
and Latvia
September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare
war
British and France mobilize troops along Maginot
Line – fortifications along German border
Fall of France
• Hitler sent distraction troops into Belgium,
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Luxemburg, and Netherlands while sending even
larger force toward France
Allied troops trapped at Dunkirk where they
were rescued
Rescue @ Dunkirk – British navy ships fishing
trollers, and civilian crafts brought 338,000
troops to safety
June 14 Germany marches on Paris and France
falls under German control
French government set up in exile in London by
Charles de Gaulle
The Battle of Britain
• British Prime minister Winston Churchill roused
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the British people “We shall fight on the
beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds,
we shall fight in the streets, we shall never
surrender.”
German Luftwaffe began bombing London in
preparation of landing ground forces.
Two advances helped Britain survive and fight
back – radar and Enigma
The Battle of Britain became the largest aerial
battle in history
Lesson learned – Blitzkrieg could be blocked
Eastern Front
• After Battle of Britain Hitler turned his focus on the
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Soviet Union
Mussolini attacked Egypt for the control of the Suez
Canal
Britain struck back and captured over 130,000 Italians,
then Hitler sent back up the Afrika Corps headed by
Rommel – he was very successful nicknamed “Desert
Fox”
Hitler planned to attack the Soviet Union by conquering
the Balkans and Greece, celebrated by raisin swastikas
on the Acropolis
Germany attacked the unprepared Soviet Troops and
quickly pushed to Leningrad (scorched earth policy)
Hitler refused to retreat and over 500,000 German
soldiers lost their lives
U.S. Aids Allies
• Most Americans thought US should not get
involved – Neutrality Acts
• Lend-Lease Act - FDR sold weapons to
Allies on cash and carry system
• Atlantic Charter – secret agreement b/t
Churchill and FDR to free trade and
government
• Undeclared naval war b/t US and Germany
Chapter 16 Section 2
Japan’s Pacific Campaign
Pearl Harbor
• Japan threatened US controlled Philippines and
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US shut off oil supply to Japan - US cracked
Japanese secret codes
Admiral Yamamoto called for attacks on European
colonies in SE Asia and US fleet in Hawaii
December 7, 1941 “Day that will live in Infamy”
Japanese achieved surprise attack in Pearl Harbor
and US Pacific Fleet
2,300 American soldiers died, 1,500 wounded and
19 ships sunk or damaged including 8 battleships
Japanese Victories
• Philippines were in Japanese sight
American forces held defensive position on
Bataan Peninsula – After Japanese
victories Bataan Death March, marched
70,000 POWs back 50,000 returned
• Japan also conquers Indochina and
Indonesia
Allies Strike Back
• Japan was vulnerable to attack
• Japanese resources spread to thin in Pacfic
• Battle of coral sea – new type of war, aircraft
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carrier attacks stopped Japanese southern
progress
Battle of Midway – lured Japanese in and
attacked before Japanese planes could hit the
air 350 planes and 4 carriers destroyed, turning
point in the Pacific War
Allied Offensive
• Douglas MacArthur strategy in pacific was
“island hopping” – to skip over Japanese
strongholds and cutoff supply from Asia
and islands closer to Japan
• Battle of Gaudalcanal – became known as
the island of death, as Japanese forces
were forced to abandon the island
Chapter 16 Section 3
The Holocaust
Overview video
Holocaust Begins
• Ideas of the Aryans “master race” led to the
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Holocaust – systematic extermination of inferior
races and peoples (Jews)
Growing dislike for Jews (Nuremburg Laws) –
stripped citizenship
Kristallnacht – destruction, violence against
Jewish establishments
Jews started to flee to other countries, then
others (US, Britain, France) closed their doors to
Jews
Nazi’s isolated Jews in ghettos – Jews forced
into overcrowded areas and forced to wear ID’s
The “Final Solution”
• The Final solution was genocide – extermination
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of an entire people
These people were called undesirables – Jews,
gypsies, AA, Asians, Disabled, Homosexuals, etc.
SS Killing Squads gathered up Jews (fire squads)
others sent to concentration camps – slave/labor
prisons, medical experiments
Extermination camps built in 1942, able to kill up
to 6,000 people in one day (gas chambers)
Auschwitz – killed close to 3 million,
crematoriums had to be installed to keep up
with the killings
Chapter 16 Section 4
The Allied Victory
The Tide Turns
• Western Front in N. Africa and Italy
• Operation Torch forced Rommel’s troops back •
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Dwight D. Eisenhower led allied forces of up to
150,000 into N. Africa
In the East, The Battle of Stalingrad became the
central focus – Stalin ordered his commanders to
defend the city to the death, Germany controlled
90% of city but winter set in and they got
trapped – turning point in the East, 90,000
Germans surrendered, over 250,000 died, 1
million Russian soldiers lost their lives
Invasion of Italy – Mussolini lost power after
early defeat in Sicily but regained control in
north, fighting continued here until German
surrender – Mussolini later suffered public
hanging
Allied Home Fronts
• Most allied civilians suffered hardships or
even death, Americans only attacked in
Hawaii and Allusion Islands
• Allies mobilizing for total war – rationing,
war bonds, wartime production
• Negative effect of government
propaganda – FDR executive order =
Japanese internment camps
Victory in Europe
• D-Day invasion – 3 million troops, thousands of
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land vehicles invaded beaches of Normandy,
France (dummy army used as decoy)
Operation Overlord – largest land based invasion
in history, Germans dug in and over 3,000
soldiers died on the beaches
Third Army broke through led by George Patton
and marched on Paris one month later then set
sights on Germany
Battle of the Bulge last German offensive
Unconditional German surrender, May 7 1945 VE Day, Hitler earlier committed suicide with his
wife Eva Braun
Victory in Pacific
• Japans last surge– Battle of Leyte Gulf, largest
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naval battle in history most Japanese fleet
destroyed
Now only the kamikazes stood b/t the allies and
Japan
Iwo Jima and Okinawa would some of the
bloodiest fighting of the war but Japan retreated
to their mainland
Decision time for Truman, A-bomb or risk more
allied lives
Manhattan Project produced the A-bomb, August
6th “little boy” dropped, August 9th “fat man”
Japan surrendered September 2, 1945 V-J Day
Chapter 16 Section 5
Europe and Japan in Ruins
Devastation in Europe
• 60 million Europeans dead – 40 million
civilians
• Most cities destroyed and in ruins, Paris,
Brussels, and Rome remain undamaged
• People were left to wonder, thousands
died of famine and disease
• 100 million were left homeless
Postwar Governments
• Most pre-war governments returned, people of
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Germany and Italy upset and Communist
idealism was a growing, until economies stated
to recover
Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders were
convicted of war crimes and crimes against
humanity
Most committed suicide before but 12 faced the
charges and were executed
Postwar Japan
• 5 million dead Most cities were left in ruin due to
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bombing, Hiroshima and Nagasaki left as
wasteland
MacArthur was in control of occupied Japan and
started process of demilitarization, and
democratization – creating government elected
by people
War crime trials were carried out and former
premier Hideki Tojo was executed
Occupation Brings Deep Changes
• Constitution would change Japanese
society away from absolutism to
democracy
• Emperor became more of a powerless
symbol
• Postwar agreements turned enemies into
allies and vice-versa
• The Soviet Union and the US came out as
the world’s clear superpowers