Transcript The Cell - Google Sites

Cells
The basic units of life!
Cells
• The smallest, most basic unit of
all living things.
– The building blocks of life!
• Discovered by Robert Hooke
– He observed cork cells
• Most cells are microscopic
– They are so small that you need a
microscope to see them
Cell Theory
• Three part theory:
– All living things are
made up of one or
more cells
– The cell is the
basic unit of life
– All cells come from
other cells
Cell Types
• There are two types of cells
– Plant Cells
– Animal Cells
• There are many different kinds of
plant and animal cells
– Each one has its own special
function (job)
– Each one carries out life processes
and helps it’s organism stay alive
Bone
Cell
Blood
Cell
Nerve
Cell
Muscle
Cell
Cell Organelles
• Just like your body has
organs …cells have
organelles
• Organelles are cell parts
– Each part has its own
function (job) to keep the
cell alive and healthy
• Organelles help the cell
carry out all life processes
(eating, drinking, breathing, getting rid of waste)
Cytoplasm
• The gooey, jelly-like
substance inside the cell
• It lets all the other
organelles move around
inside the cell and do their
jobs
What job do the organelles do?
Cell Membrane:
• The “gate keeper” of the cell
• The outer barrier that decides
which materials enter and leave
the cell
– It keeps the good stuff in and bad
stuff out.
• All cells have a membrane
– It is a thin, flexible covering that
surrounds and protects the cell
Nucleus
• The “Boss” or “Brain”
– It controls all cell
activities!
• Almost all plant and
animal cells have a
nucleus (plural: nuclei)
• Dark spot usually in
the middle of the cell
Mitochondrion
• Plural: “mitochondria”
• Releases energy from food
for the cell to use
– Uses chemical reactions
– This is called “Respiration”
• It’s like the GENERATOR of
the cell…it produces energy!
Vacuole
• “Storage Containers”
– Like a refrigerator
• They store nutrients,
water, and waste
• Irregular shape
Can you spot the vacuole?
Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
• Plant cells have two
things that animal cells
do not have:
– Cell wall
– Chloroplasts
• Also, vacuoles in plant
cells are larger than
vacuoles in animal cells
– They store lots of water
and food!
Cell Wall
• Found only in plant cells!
• The cell wall gives the
plant cell shape, support,
and structure
• It has large pores (holes)
that allow stuff to enter
and exit
• Remember: The
membrane decides what
enters and leaves
Chloroplasts
• Special organelles found
only in plant cells.
• Chloroplasts contain a
green chemical called
chlorophyll
• This is where
photosynthesis takes place
– Chloroplasts use air, water,
and light to make sugars
(food) for themselves…and
for all other “consumers”
The Cell as a Factory:
• A cell is like a factory. Organelles are
the factory’s workers
like
– Each worker in a factory has a specific job to
do, or else the factory is not productive…It
doesn’t function like it should. It might even
shut down!
– If one or more organelles in a cell is not
working, then the cell cannot carry out all life
processes. It may get sick and die!
Label the Plant Cell’s Parts
nucleus
chloroplasts
Vacuole
Cell wall
cytoplasm
Cell membrane