Transcript World War Looms

World War Looms
Why might the Unites States try to
remain neutral?
Examine the Issues


How might involvement in a large scale war
influence the United States?
How can neutral countries participate in the
affairs of warring countries?
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Main Idea
The rise of rulers with total power in Europe
and Asia led to World War II.
Why it Matter Today
Dictators of the 1930’s and 1940’s changed
the course of history, making world leaders
especially watchful for the actions of
dictators today.
Nationalism Grips Europe and Asia


The postwar years also brought the rise of
powerful dictators driven by the belief in
nationalism-the loyalty to one’s country
above all else-and dreams of territorial
expansion.
Failures of World Peace

Treaty of Versailles caused anger and
resentment
Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union



Joseph Stalin- “Man of Steel”
Made the Soviet Union a communist state
#1 goal was control both agriculture and
industry



He abolished all privately owned farms
He transformed the Soviet Union from the a rural
nation to an industrial power.
1928- He outlined his “5 year plan”



All economic activity was controlled by the
government
Stalin was responsible for some 8 million deaths
“The Great Purge”- assassinated political
leaders and labor camps
The Rise of Facism in Italy

Benito Mussolini





Facist Party- stressed nationalism
and placed the interests of the state
above those of individuals.
Facists believed in a single strong
leader.
1922- marched on Rome w/the “Black
Shirts”
Il Duce- “the leader”
Mussolini invades Ethiopia
The Nazis Take Over Germany

Adolf Hitler


Der Fuher “the leader”
Mein Kampf-”My Struggle”

Unify all Set forth the basic beliefs of Nazism that

later became the plan of action for the Nazi
Party.
Nazism- extreme nationalism



German-speaking people
Racial Purification
Lebensraum- “living space”

Storm Troopers or Brown Shirts
Third Reich “Thousand Year Reich”

Hitler builds up army and invades the Rhineland



Militarist Gain Control in Japan
Hideki Tojo



Japan launches a surprise at China and
seize control of Manchuria in 1931
Japan leaves the League of Nations
Civil War Breaks Out in Spain




Gen. Francisco Franco rebelled against the
Spanish republic
3,000 Americans-Abraham Lincoln Battalion
Civil War in Spain. Franco backed by Hitler
& Mussolini
Rome-Berlin Axis signed
The United States Responds
Cautiously


Most Americans were alarmed by the international conflicts of
the mid thirties but believed that the United States should not
get involved.
1928-Kellog-Briand Pact


62 countries signed saying they would not use war as an
“instrument of national policy.”
America Clings to Isolationism


Senator Gerald Nye (Nye Committee)-banks & manufacturers
made money during the war.
Neutrality Acts:

1st two- outlawed arms sales to nations at war

3rd- banned the sale of arms to nations at civil war.
Neutrality Breaks Down



Japan launched an attack on China in July
1937.
Roosevelt finds a way around the Neutrality
Acts
Send arms to China
Organization Information
Russia
Type of
Government
Leader
Actions
Taken
Totalitarian
Communism
Joseph Stalin
“man of steel”
1.
2.
Industrial
power
Gov.
Control
Italy
Germany
Japan
Fascism
Nazism
Militarism
(Third Reich) Nationalism
Benito
Mussolini
“Il Duce”
Adolf
Hitler
“Der Fuher”
1.
2.
State
power
“Black
Shirts”
1.
2.
“Racial
purificat
ion”
Mein
Kampf
Hideki
Tojo
1.
2.
Left
League
of
Nations
Invaded
Manchur
ia
Dictators Threaten World Peace

What were Stalin’s goals and what steps did he
take to achieve them?


To make the Soviet Union socialist by ending private
enterprise; to transform it into a great industrial power by
building state-owned factories and power plants.
How did Germany’s and Italy’s involvement affect
the outcome of the Spanish Civil War?

Hitler and Mussolini’s military support helped Franco take
power in Spain.
Who is in
the cartoon?
What
Symbolism
is in the
cartoon?
What is the
cartoonists
point of
view?
War In Europe
Main Idea
Using the sudden mass attack called
blitzkrieg, Germany invaded and quickly
conquered many European countries.
Why it Matter Today
Hitler’s actions started World War II and still
serve as a warning to be vigilant about
totalitarian government
Austria and Czechoslovakia Fall


Hitler declared that to grow, Germany needed the land of its
neighbors. His plan was to absorb Austria and
Czechoslovakia into the Third Reich.
Union with Austria


March 12, 1938-German troops marched into Austria
unopposed.
Bargaining for the Sudetenland





Western part of Czechoslovakia
Hitler invites Edouard Daladier & Neville Chamberlain to Munich
Hitler says the annexation of the Sudetenland will be his “last
territorial demand”
Sept. 30, 1938- Munich Agreement
Appeasement- giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.
The German Offensive Begins


Hitler warned he was not finished expanding the Third Reich.
March 15, 1939- German troops poured into what was left of
Czechoslovakia. Then later into Poland.
German Offensive
Soviets Declare
Neutrality
Nonaggression Pact
w/the Soviet Union
Blitzkrieg in Poland
The Phony War
Lighting War
Britain & France Declare
War
Sitzkrieg
Hitler attacks Norway,
Denmark
Netherlands, Belgium,
Luxembourg
France and Britain Fight On


France’s Maginot Line proved to be ineffective; the German army
threatened to bypass the line during its invasion of Belgium.
The Fall of France





Germans trapped almost 400,000 British & French soldiers as they fled to
the beach of Dunkirk.
Italy enters the war on the side of Germany and attacks France from the
south.
France surrenders- June 22, 1940
Charles de Gaulle- French general flees to England and sets up a
government-in-exile
The Battle of Britain




Summer of 1940- Luftwaffe begins to bomb Britain
Destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF)
1,000 planes every night for 2 months bomb London.
New technology helped Britain curb the bombing- the Radar
Battle of Britain
Why were the Germans defeated ?




The Germans fought too far away from their bases so
that refueling and rearming were impossible. The
German fighters had a very limited time which they could
spend over Britain before their fuel got too low.
British fighters could land, refuel and rearm and be in the
air again very quickly.
The change of targets was crucial. It is now believed that
Fighter Command was perhaps only 24 hours away from
defeat when the attack on the cities occurred. The
breathing space this gave Fighter Command was crucial.
Radar
War in Europe
Review

Why was the blitzkrieg effective?


It surprised the enemy and then crushed it with
overwhelming force.
What terms of surrender did Hitler demand of the
French after the fall of France in 1940? What was
General Charles de Gaulle’s reaction?

German occupation of northern France and the
establishment of a Nazi-controlled puppet government in
southern France; de Gaulle fled to England and set up a
government-in-exile.
The Holocaust
Main Idea
During the Holocaust, the Nazis systematically
executed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “nonAryans”
Why it Matters Today
After the atrocities of the Holocaust, agencies
formed to publicize human rights. These
agencies have remained a force in today’s world.
The Persecution Begins


On April 7, 1933, shortly after Hitler took power in Germany, he
ordered all “non-Aryans” to be removed from government jobs.
Hitler moves for racial purity that eventually led to the Holocaust-the
systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe.
The Holocaust
Jews
Targeted
Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken Glass”
Attacked Jewish
Businesses
“Pogrom”
Jewish
Refugees
Plight of the St. Louis
Jews arrested during Kristallnacht
Hitler’s “Final Solution”


Obsessed with a desire to rid Europe of its
Jews, Hitler imposed what he called the “Final
Solution”-a policy of genocide, the deliberate
and systematic killing of an entire population.
The Condemned





Jews
Gypsies-whom the Nazis believed to be an “inferior
race”
Freemasons- charged as supporters of the “Jewish
Conspiracy”
Jehovah’s Witnesses- who refused to join the army or
salute Hitler
Homosexuals, people w/mental illnesses, the disable
“Final Solution” cont’

Forced Relocation


Jewish forced into
Ghettos in Poland
Concentration
Camps


Life in the
concentration
camps was a cycle
of hunger,
humiliation, and
work that almost
always ended in
death.
Those too weak to
work were killed.
The Final Stage



The Final Solution reached its final stage in early 1942.
The 3rd phase would add murder by poison gas.
Mass Extermination






The German built 6 death camps in Poland.
Chambers could kill 12,000 people a day.
An estimated 6 million Jews died in the death camps.
Of the 405,000 registered prisoners, 65,000 survived
Of the 16,000 Soviet POW's, 96 survived
Various estimates suggest 1.6 million were murdered
Types of Camps



Hostage Camps
 camps where hostages
were held and killed as
reprisals
Labor Camps
 concentration camps
where interned inmates
had to do hard physical
labor
POW Camps



Re-education Camps for Poles
 according to Nazi values as
slaves
Transit & Collection Camps
 camps where inmates were
collected and routed to main
camps
Extermination Camps
 Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, &
Chelmno were simply death
camps
 Auschwitz & Majdanek served
as both concentration & death
camps.
The Holocaust
Review

What groups did Nazis deem unfit to belong to the
Aryan “master race?”


Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, people with mental or
physical disabilities, Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians.
How did some Europeans show their resistance to
Nazi persecution of the Jews?

Some people risked death by hiding Jews in their homes
or helping them to escape to neutral countries.
December 8, 1941
America Moves Toward War
Main Idea
In response to the fighting in Europe, the United
States provided economic and military aid to help
the Allies achieve victory.
Why it Matters Today
The military capability of the U.S. became a
deciding factor WWII and in world affairs ever
since.
The United States Musters Its Forces

As German tanks thundered across Poland,
Roosevelt issued an official proclamation of
neutrality.
U.S. Musters
Forces
U.S. Neutrality
The Axis Threat
Building U.S.
Defense
“Cash-&-Carry”
Neutrality Act 1939
Tripartite Act
German, Italy, Japan
Selective Training &
Service Act
st
1 Peace Time Draft
The Great Arsenal of Democracy

Not long after the
election, President
Roosevelt told his Hitler orders Uboat attacks
radio audience
tons
during a fireside -350,000
of shipments
chat that it would sunk
be impossible to
German
negotiate a peace Wolf
Packs
with Hitler.
Lend-Lease
Act
Great
Arsenal
Hitler breaks
agreement in
1941-invades
Soviet Union
-G.B. was
running out of
money to buy
arms
-”like lending a
garden hose to
put out a fire.”
FDR
Supporting
Stalin
FDR Plans for War


With the army provided for, Roosevelt began
planning for the war he was certain would come.
The Atlantic Charter


Great Britain and U.S pledged: collective security,
disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation,
and freedom of the seas. (Pre-cursor for the U.N.)
Shoot on Sight



U-boat attacks
“When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike, you crush
him”
Full-scale war seemed inevitable.
Japan Attacks the United
States
Japan
Attacks
Japan in the
Pacific
Peace Talks
Hideki Tojo
Japan in
Indochina
U.S. oil embargo
Hirohito
negotiates
Tojo plans attack
Dec. 6, 1941 U.S.
Issues warning
Attack on
Pearl Harbor
Reaction to
Pearl Harbor
Dec. 7, 1941
2,403 killed
1,178 wounded
Doris Miller
“A day that will
live
In infamy”
Congress
declares war
America Moves Toward War
Review

What congressional measures paved the
way for the U.S. entry into World War II?


Increased defense spending, peacetime draft,
Lend-Lease Act, and an end to the ban against
arming merchant ships.
Why did the United States enter World War
II?

Because the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.
Test Today!! World War II

Place the following notes in order:







Vocabulary Activity 19
Dictators Threaten World Peace
War in Europe
The Holocaust
America Moves Towards War
Japanese Aggression Map
After the test, pick up the Word Search for
WWII.