Transcript Rationing During World War II PowerPoint

Any
bonds
today?
American War Production
Rationing Production on the American
Home Front in World War II
We shall make America…
the Arsenal for Democracy!
FDR Speech, 1940
Winston Churchill – Leader of Great Britain
You can always count on Americans
to do the right thing - after they've
tried everything else.
The wartime demand for goods ended the Great Depression
and unemployment fell.
War Production
• The US entered the War as
production in Europe had come to
a complete halt.
• Britain & Russia were being
destroyed by saturation bombing,
• The rest of Europe was under
Fascist control.
· The government
controlled the economy as
it did during World War I.
• It did this in four
ways:
• Production of War
goods
• Financing & Buying
War Bonds
• Rationing and
Conservation.
• Civil Defense
The War
Production
Board helped
factories to
produce war
goods
The US now
shifted to war
materials
The US provided
everything its
Army, Navy and Air
Corps could use or
need.
This poster says it all.
Liberty Ships
Ship building went
from 200 to 40
days.
• The United States
would build over
500 ships in less
than two years to
support the war in
Europe.
Liberty Ships
Made at shipyards
around the nation,
Liberty Ships took
equipment
ammunition and
supplies to
America’s allies
during the War.
• The military now paid companies to produce
War materials.
• They gave incentives to those companies that
produced goods under the production cost code.
• The greatest prize a
company or a
worker could get
during the War was
a sticker, flag, or
banner called a
“Production E”.
• This meant the
company had run at
100% efficient .
Wartime Work Force
• As the depression
ended, and
production picked
up average wages
rose 50%, union
membership rose,
and prices leveled.
• Pay raises were
given each year
production was
met.
Women now entered the
workforce…
First seen on the
cover of Saturday
Evening Post, Rosie
the Riveter, even
had a song in her
honor.
The poster and the
song showed how
woman had moved
into the workforce.
• Most women worked
until the war ended
and then went back to
their homes and
marriage.
• But the war proved
they could handle
anything, and money
now became a
working women’s best
ally.
WWII
• The FBI even got
the mob to stop
strikes on the
docks, and ships
leaving New
York.
• They also got
them to spy on
Mussolini back in
Italy.
• Charles Lucky Luciano
was allowed to go back to
Italy after WWII for his
help on the docks.
#4
#5
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•
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•
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The War production Board:
A. Helped factories to produce war goods.
B. Helped find raw materials.
C. Helped find jobs for laborers.
D. Helped factories keep workers from
going on strike.
#6
• Unlike America in WWII what happened to
production in Europe?
• A. It increased B. It slowed down
• C. It came to a halt D. It Boomed
#7
•
•
•
•
•
This banner displayed by an American business meant?
A. It supported the War.
B. It supported the Army and Navy.
C. It ran at 100% Efficiency.
D. It ran a non-labor business.
Financing the War
• The government
went from spending
9 billion a year in
1939 to 95.2 billion
a year in 1945.
• The government
spent 321 billion
dollars on the war.
Deficit Spending
• By postponing the
paying off the war until
after 1946, the US
spending in the red
helped pay for the war,
field a well equipped
Armed Forces, brought
prosperity to workers,
and end the
Depression.
• It also boosted the
national debt.
War Bonds
• America’s
answer was the
War Bond.
• Like Liberty
Bonds in WWI,
Americans
bought 186
billion dollars
worth of them.
War Bonds
• The National
Debt also went
from 43 billion in
1940 to 259
billion by 1945.
• Today its 8
Trillion.
• War is
expensive!
Created from a real
photo in WWII, the
poster showing the
Marines raising the
flag over Mt.
Surabachi during
the Battle of Iwo
Jima raised over 26
million dollars (the
most ever in a bond
drive) , because
the four surviving
Marines in the
picture also went on
tour to raise funds.
Look
at what
your
bonds
buy
#8
• In what year did America plan to pay off
the war?
• A. 1950.
• B. 1946.
• C. 1980.
• D. Never.
#9
• By using deficit spending during the War,
the US:
• A. Increased its national debt.
• B. Increased the homeless rate
• C. Increased the Depression loses.
• D. Increased its national labor relations
force.
#10
• Why did this poster raise
the most funds in a bond
drive?
• A. It gave away a flag
• B. The men in the picture
had all died
• C. The remaining men in
the picture went on the
drive.
• D. The men gave a flag
to all fallen Marines.
#11
According to
this poster,
how much
did a $25.00
War bond
cost?
A. $10.00
B. $18.75
C. $20.00
D. $ 50.00
#12
• According to the War
Department how
much of your pay
should you spend on
War Bonds?
• A. 5%
• B 25%
• C. 50%
• D. 10%
Life on the Home Front
Rationing & Conservation
Rationing
Shortages and Controls
• People became accustom to the
terms “ for the duration”, meaning
not until the war ended.
• No consumer goods were
produced, only war material.
During the Second World War, you
couldn't just walk into a shop and buy as
much sugar or butter or meat as you
wanted, nor could you fill up your car
with gasoline whenever you liked.
All these things were rationed, which
meant you were only allowed to buy a
small amount (even if you could afford
more).
The government introduced rationing
because certain things were in short
supply during the war, and rationing was
the only way to make sure everyone got
their fair share.
• Ration coins
(introduced in 1944)
allowed
retailers to give change
back for food
bought with ration
stamps.
•
In May of 1942, the U.S. Office of Price
Administration (OPA) froze prices on practically all
everyday goods, starting with sugar and coffee.
· Consumers faced a shortage of goods due to the war.
- The government rationed everything…
-Gas and Oil Most people lived on three gallons a week.
-
• 1941 Ford Coupe
• The last model
made before the
War.
• No new cars were produced during the War
• By the end of 1942, half of U.S automobiles
were issued an 'A' sticker which allowed 4
gallons of fuel per week. That sticker was
issued to owners whose use of their cars
was nonessential
• The green 'B' sticker was for driving deemed
essential to the war effort; industrial war
workers, for example, could purchase eight
gallons a week
• 'T' was for truckers, and the rare 'X' sticker
went to members of Congress and other
VIPs. Truckers supplying the population with
supplies had a T sticker for unlimited
amounts of fuel.
Since a gas ration
sticker was affixed to a
vehicle's glass
windshield, the reverse
side was visible to the
occupants. This offered
the opportunity to give
advice to the driver and
passengers.
Is this trip really
necessary? Share your
car.
To save tires, drive
under 35.
Daffy Duck gets in the
act stopping Bugs
because he is going
faster than 40!
Woody
Woodpecker is
stopped from his
craziness by
rationing
They rationed meat, Meat ( 2 lbs
per person per week)
groceries and can goods
• The Government
rationed:
• Metal
• Rubber, silk &
glass
• Gasoline ( 3
gallons a week)
• Sugar, salt & flour
• Cotton
•Then the
Government
rationed
tobacco
•Three
packs a
week.
•The GI
need them
more than
you do!
During WW II’s
cigarette shortage,
Maurice’s
Restaurant, at 175 W
Madison, helped the
cause by giving out
free smokes to
patrons – but only
take one!, 1945,
Chicago.
Rationing
• The store had a
point system
attached to
certain items.
• Once you maxed
out on your
points you could
not buy any
more.
You are allowed to
spend 48 Points a
months on these
goods.
Present your ration
card.
AND DON”T ASK
FOR MORE!
Rationing Sugar
Notice no Sugar Bowl on the table
Conservation
• The first nonfood item rationed was rubber.
• The Japanese had seized plantations in the
Dutch East Indies that produced 90% of
America's raw rubber.
• President Roosevelt called on citizens to
help by contributing scrap rubber to be
recycled, old tires, old rubber raincoats,
garden hose, rubber shoes, bathing caps.
• Daylight Savings
Time came back
and the
government also
encouraged
people to save,
conserve and be
patriotic.
You also serve -- you who stand behind
the plow, pledged to feed the Soldier, the
Worker, the Ally, and, with God's help, all
the hungry victims of this war! You also
serve -- you who farm, you who pray and
sacrifice. You'll feed the World even if it
means plowing by lantern light, and
harvesting by hand -- even children's
hands -- even if it means putting up the
trucks and going back to covered
wagons once again...
The U.S. Department of Agriculture
Urges you to:
See your County USDA War Board
Meet your 1943 farm goals
Keep tractors working
Take good care of your machinery
Conserve your trucks
Turn in your scrap
Buy War Bonds
Sears Roebuck Catalog Ad
• They had Meatless Wednesday,
rationed gas, rubber, steel, iron and
grew Victory Gardens.
• Because of this the cost of living and
wages rose.
• It also fought inflation and allowed more
people to keep and save their money.
• But it also
created a
striving black
market in
America.
• The FBI would
soon come after
racketeers
• The government now
sent out the FBI to
arrest people who
bought, purchased, or
worked for a Black
Market group
• This poster
says it all.
• No new
dresses, Nylon
stockings, new
cars, new
anything.
• They also
rationed
EVERYTHING!
#13
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•
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•
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What does “for the duration mean”?
A. Until the War is over.
B. Until Germany is defeated.
C. Until Europe can produce its own food.
D. Until people can grow the food needed
for everyone in America.
#14
• How many gallons a week of gas would I
get if I had an “A” Card?
• A. 10
• B. 7
• C. 3
• D. 2
#14
• How fast did the government want you to
go during the war to save tires?
• A. No faster than 55
• B. No faster than 25
• C. No faster than 60
• D. No faster than 35
#15
• What question should you be asking
yourself when you travel?
• A. Does the Army need this gasoline?
• B. Is this trip really necessary?
• C. Should I take the train instead?
• D. What type of Sticker on the car do I
need?
Uncle Sam last week assumed
the role of fashion
designer. Sweeping
restrictions aim to save 15
percent of the yardage now
used on women's and girls'
apparel through such
measures as restricting hems
and belts to two inches,
eliminating cuffs on
sleeves. Also gone are nylons.
Exempt categories include
bridal gowns, maternity
dresses, vestments for
religious orders. - Life
Magazine, April 20, 1942
# 16
• According to the article in the previous
slide, what group was going to have to do
without nylons and cuffs?
• A. Men.
• B. Women.
• C. Factory Workers.
• D. Garment Workers.
#17
• According to the article the
lack of nylons:
• A. Were never a problem
• B. Lasted until the War
was over.
• C. Lasted long after the
War was over.
• D. Kept men & women
from working.
#18
• What was the first non-food item rationed
by the government?
• A. Gas
• B. Rubber
• C. Steel
• D. Elastic
#19
• What did the
Government start again
(they had it during WWI
as well) for the duration?
• A. Scrapping metal
• B. Driving schools
• C. Canning Classes
• D. Daylight Savings Time
#20
• What program would go
well with this poster
during the War?
• A. Victory Gardens
• B. Gas Rationing
• C. Sugar Borrowing
• D. Meatless Mondays
Civil Defense
Sabotage
• Because America
was nation of former
immigrants there
was worry about
letting too many
secrets slip.
• Posters minced no
words about the
results of careless
talk.
• Posters vividly
portrayed the costs
of loose talk.
• During the War, the
FBI arrested over
5,000 German and
Japanese spies (who
has real information),
on American soil.
• Most of them said
they got their info
from American
workers.
This 1942 Civil Defense Index
booklet offers advice useful to
civilians on the home
front. Information is given for air
raids, blackouts, bombs, poison gas,
as well as first aid situations.
• The War became a
part of everybody’s
life.
• Civil Defense
• Air Raid Wardens
• Rolling Bandages
for the Red Cross.
• Any thing to
contribute to the
• Air Raid Warden fits
War front and bring
man for mask in case
our boys home!
of attack in Milwaukee
Wisconsin!
Many historians credit this attitude
with America winning the War
Rosie the Rivetor
Along with the production of this…
#21
•
•
•
•
•
This poster deals with:
A. Loss of War Materials.
B. The Black Market
C. Sabotage
D. Government Waste
#22 What is the name of the
person below?
#23
• What war ration
stamp did you
need to buy
shoes from
Sears?
#24
This poster show
recruiting for Women
in the Nursing Corps.
Why were women
needed in the Nursing
Corps?
#25
• What illegal group in
America is this poster
out fight, by saying
“I’m out to lick
runaway prices”?