Transcript US and Canada During WWII IB Objectives

February 2– Was the US
justified in using the atomic
bombs against Japan?
US and Canada
During WWII
IB Objectives
 The diplomatic and/or military role of two
countries in the Second World War
 Social impact of the Second World War
on: African Americans, Native
Americans, women and minorities;
conscription
 Treatment of Japanese Americans and
Japanese Canadians
IB Objectives
 Reaction to the Holocaust in the
Americas
 Impact of technological developments
and the beginning of the atomic age
 Economic and diplomatic effects of the
Second World War in one country of
the Americas
IB Paper 3 Sample
Questions
 Analyze the social and economic effects
of the Second World War on one country
of the region.
 “The atomic bombs were necessary to
end the Second World War.” To what
extent do you agree with this statement.
 Assess the effects of the Second World
War on women and minorities in two
countries in the region.
IB Paper 3 Sample
Questions
 With reference to one country of the
region, evaluate the impact of the
Second World War on the economy and
on minority groups.
 Why did the United States become
involved in the Second World War?
 For what reasons, and with what results,
were Japanese citizens of Canada and
the United States interned during the
Second World War?
IB Paper 3 Sample
Questions
 Assess the impact of the Second World
War on the economy of one country of
the region.
Key Terms
 Mackenzie King
 Canadian Japanese Internment
Lecture Outline
I.
US
A. Economy
B. Minorities
II. Canada
Effects of WWII on the US
 The US had begun to mobilize prior to
WWII. By December 1941, more than 1.5
million men and women were in uniform. By
the end of the war, 15 million Americans
were in the armed forces.
 WWII cost $560 billion and the national debt
rose from $48 billion in 1941 to $247 billion
in 1945.
Effects of WWII on the US
 Real wages rose 50% during the war and
prices rose only moderately.
 The size of the federal government grew
rapidly, from 1.1 million civilian employees in
1940 to 3.3 million in 1945.
 In 1944 alone, 96,000 airplanes were built in
US factories.
 By 1943, Kaiser Shipyards were building 1
ship a day—a total of 10 million tons of
shipping were constructed during the war.
WWII and minorities
 The armed forces and US society
remained segregated, but WWII created
opportunities for African Americans.
 It sowed the seeds of the civil rights
movement.
 African Americans moved to the North in
search of industrial jobs.
 By 1950, approximately 1/3 of America’s
black population lived outside the South.
WWII and Minorities
 Riots broke out in the summer of 1943.
 The worst occurred in Detroit where
500,000 newcomers, including 60,000
blacks, had moved since 1940.
 In June 1943 a fight between teenage
whites and blacks sparked two days of
fighting and widespread looting.
 25 blacks and 9 whites were killed,
hundreds injured, and millions of dollars
of property lost.
Canada and WWII
 King supported appeasement.
 He visited Nazi Germany in 1937 and
believed that Hitler was not a threat but
an ally in fighting against Communism.
 Canada joined the war on September 10,
1939. First time Canada declared war.
 Canada hoped that its contribution to the
war effort would be materials not troops
in order to avoid another conscription
crisis.
Canada and WII
 131,533 Commonwealth airmen,
including 72,835 Canadians, graduated
from Canada’s air training schools. This
program pumped nearly $1.3 billion into
the Canadian economy.
 The Canadian army grew from 4,000 to
almost 700,000 men and women. The
navy grew from 17 to 900 ships.
 A nation of less than 12 million people
would put over 1 million into uniform.
Canada and WWII
 In the unsuccessful raid by the 2nd
Canadian Division on Dieppe, France in
August 1942, nearly 2,700 of the 5,000
Canadians who hit the beach were
casualties.
 Canada ultimately had the 3rd largest
navy, and the 4th largest air force and
army among the Allied powers in Europe.
Canada and WWII
 43,000 Canadian women were in
uniform.
 Canadian military casualties were 42,642
killed and about 58,000 wounded.
Effects of the War on the
Economy
 Canada’s manufacturing production more
than doubled, and the country produced
85,000 vehicles and over 16,000 military
aircraft during the war.
 Union membership doubled during the
war.
Canadian Japanese
Internment
 The War Measures Act, a privy
(executive) order, called for Japanese
internment.
 22,000 Japanese-Canadians (15,000
were native born) were interned.
 Men were sent to lumber labor camps
and women and children to shanty towns.
If you wanted your family to stay together
you had to work on sugar beet farms in
South Alberta.
Canadian Japanese
Internment
 4,000 were deported and the plan was to
deport them all.
 September 1945 government required
those in camps to relocate East of the
Rocky Mts. Or undergo repatriation to
Japan.
 Internment did not end until 1947.
Canadian Japanese
Internment
 There was no restitution when they were
released.
 March 31, 1949 all restrictions of Japanese
citizens were removed.
Canadian Japanese
Internment
 September 22, 1988 P.M. Mulroney
signed an agreement that included a
payment of $21,000 to all living
individuals who had been affected by the
internment, established a fund for
community rebuilding, a purge of criminal
records of those convicted, restitution of
citizenship for those who were exiled,
and the creation of the Canadian Race
Relations Foundation.
Canada and WWII
 Canada didn’t begin conscription until
1944.
 King was re-elected in1945
 WWII laid the basis for the future
Canadian welfare state.
Create a venn diagram
comparing the effects of
WWII in Canada and the US