Transcript PPT - WWII (part 1)

World War II
December 7, 1941
“Beginnings”
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When America declared war on Japan (Dec.
8, 1941), we were ill-prepared to fight
Germany & Italy declared war on us (Dec.
11, 1941) compounding our problems
The damage to our Pacific Fleet was only
one of the many problems we faced
Prior to December 7, 1941:
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Isolationism
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FDR – called a war monger
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A Selective Service Act - passed in 1940
but few men were drafted and trained
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The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 – aid to
Allies with supplies and equipment only
Theaters of War
 Europe
/
Atlantic Ocean
 North
Africa /
Mediterranean
Sea
 Asia / Pacific
Ocean
Europe - 1941
Germany had conquered all of
Western Europe except for Great
Britain
Operated from the conquered
nations to bomb Great Britain
daily, inflicting casualties and
destroying factories
 Operation
Barbarossa took the
Soviets by surprise (June)
 Within
a few weeks, the Germans
were within a few miles of Moscow
***German U-Boats inflicted
large losses on American ships in
the Atlantic
North Africa - 1941
The Axis Powers conquered most of
North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt
The British were precariously holding
on in Egypt
If the British lost Egypt, they would
lose oil supplies and the Suez Canal
The Pacific - 1941
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Within 24 hours of Pearl Harbor, the
Japanese attacked:
The Philippines
 Hong Kong
 Wake
 Guam
 Thailand
 Malaya
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The Pacific / Asia
 Japan
had conquered all of the
industrial north and east of China
 Resistance fighters were hanging
on, mostly in the far interior of
China
 They depended on the USA and
Allied Forces for supplies and
equipment
American/Allied Advantages
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All of the Japan, Germany, and Italy’s
disadvantages
American/ Allied Disadvantages
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German / Japanese Advantages
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All of the Allied Powers disadvantages
German / Japanese Disadvantages
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Mobilization
(Chapter 25.1)
Mobilizing the Armed Forces
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Selective Training & Service Act
(September, 1940)
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required all males age _______ to register
(later revised to 18 to 45)
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Between ____________ people served in
World War II, _____ of them were drafted
Mobilizing the Armed Forces
People from all groups served,
including
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300,000
25,000
(400 Navajo code-talkers)
1,000,000
(
)
350,000
Production
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America needed to quickly convert to
wartime production and needed to find and
conserve scarce resources
 (January, 1942) War Production Board was
created
 allocated raw materials
 converted factories to wartime production
 hired and assigned employees
 provided daycare to children of workers
Production
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**Armed forces awarded military contracts
to businesses but WBP set priorities and
allocated resources
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(May, 1943) Office of War Mobilization coordinated all government agencies and
oversaw production of consumer goods
By the end of the war, produced: 300,000
aircraft
 100,000
 88,000
 215
 952
 5200
 47
Labor
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Average salaries increased by 50%
___________________ (6 million women)
entered the workforce
Labor and business agreed to work together
but by 1943 there was an increase in strikes
1943 Coal Mines Strikes called by John L.
Lewis
Sec. of Interior negotiated a settlement
Smith-Connally Act passed to limit future
strikes
Financing the War
(1941-1945)
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Government spent $321,000,000,000
(321 billion dollars)
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___________ - paid about 41% of costs of war
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_____________ - paid about 58% of the cost
Life on the Home Front
Millions of families had to relocate
Population increased by 7.5 million, nearly
double the growth of the 1930s
Office of Price Administration - set limits on
goods and rents
Inflation was limited due to:
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money invested in war bonds
rationing
Life on the Home Front
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Shortages were a result of wartime
production, loss of imports, diversion of
resources to our troops, and diverting
resources to our allies
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Scarce items included:
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Rationed items included:
Life on the home front
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People spent their money on magazines,
movies, and records like "White Christmas"
People planted ______________ and
accounted for 1/3 of all vegetables grown
Older men joined the Civilian Defense effort
Wartime propaganda included posters, ads,
movies, and news clips
Propaganda necessary to keep moral high
when we were initially 'not winning' the war
World War II
North Africa and Europe
North Africa and the Middle East
Morocco
North Africa (1940)
 Italy controlled major areas of Africa, from
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________________________
Great Britain controlled Egypt, Palestine, and
Trans-Jordan
Italians invaded ____________
British began an offensive against the Italians
in East and North Africa
British were gaining ground – Italians were
doing poorly
North Africa (1941)
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Germany sent _______________ and the
Afrika Korps to assist the Italians
The “_____________ attacked the British
lines
The British counter-attacked and drove
_____________ back
North Africa (1942)
By June, Rommel reached ____________ near
Cairo, Egypt
Battle of ___________ lasted over a month
British sent Bernard Montgomery to lead the
troops
“__________” pushed the German troops
back from __________
Rommel and Montgomery push each other
back and forth across the desert
Operation Torch
– American forces landed
in Northwest Africa
 __________ led the Americans to
hard-fought victories against the
German Panzer divisions
 _____________________ met on April
6, 1943
 By May 12 the German and Italian
troops surrendered in North Africa
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Operation Barbarossa
June 22, 1941
Germany’s attack surprised the Soviets
 They advanced hundreds of miles into the
Soviet Union
 The Soviets had a “_____________”
policy
 Soviet civilians fought behind the German
lines in acts of resistance
 The Germans were stopped within sight
of Moscow by the _____________
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Soviet soldiers were no match for seasoned German fighters
Over 2 million Soviets were taken by the Germans for use as
slave laborers. Most of them did not survive.
Leningrad
(St. Petersburg)
German troops laid siege to Leningrad
from September 1941 to January 1944.
The Germans, with help from the Finns,
blocked supplies of food and fuel to the
city.
More than _____________died in the fighting or
from starvation, but the Soviet troops at
Leningrad never surrendered the city.
Phase 3 – March to the
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The plan was to march southeast toward the
Soviet’s oilfields in the
________________________
Along the way, they stopped in _______ and
murdered 33,000 Jews in one night
They brutalized the countryside as they relentlessly
pushed forward
Germans hung ___________ that were
uncooperative
They often left them on display
The Battle of Stalingrad
 One
of the most vicious battles of
the war
 ________________________
 City lies along the path to the oilrich caucuses
 The Germans quickly surrounded
the city
The Battle of Stalingrad
Stalin issued the order “____________”
 This included
 Despite staggering losses, the Soviets
clung to the heart of the city
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The German Army weakened from lack of
supplies
The ___________ was reinforced during the
winter
The Soviets took back what was left of the city.
Both sides suffered staggering losses:
over 1 million Soviets and
over 600,000 Germans
The Soviet Union recovered from their
initial losses by calling all available men,
women, and children into action
 They were able to industrialize quickly
with the help of the USA
 The _______________ were a natural
protection from Nazi bombers
 Even so, by wars end, the Soviets lost over
_____________ people.
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Italy
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British and American forces landed on _________
and then the mainland
They worked their way north toward _______
The Italian government fell apart and
____________ lost power
The new Italian government declared war on
__________ fled north, where the Germans
reinstated his authority
Italy
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The Americans made an ill-fated invasion at
________ and suffered thousands of
casualties
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It would take until ___________ to fully
remove the Germans from Northern Italy
Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci,
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Navies
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_______________ was the strongest in the
world but was spread around the globe
Germany depends primarily on _________
Early in the war the “_____________
inflicted serious damage to our convoys
By 1943 the Americans had decreased the
German U-boat threat with increased air
patrols and radar
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The Germans had almost four years to build
defensive positions in Western Europe
The ______________ was their main defense
on the coast of France
Built of reinforced concrete, it stretched
hundreds of miles along the French Coast.
It could lay out a cross-fire of machine gun fire
across the beaches of France
German Defenses
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Operation Overlord
How?
1.
4.
:
a.
2.
b.
c.
3.
5.
Operation Overlord
Intelligence
British _____________ before D-day
 Sent ____________ to the Germans
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June 5, 1944
_________________ - blown off
course
 Landed in water or near Germans
 Casualties – heavy
 Effectiveness - limited
 Failed to take out
/other
targets
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Casualties were over
___________ on D-day
alone but the beaches were
secured.
Within 2 days, ___________
troops landed on the beaches of
Normandy
Liberation of Europe
 After
June 6, 1944 Allied Forces
advanced East toward Germany
 By August, 1944 they had liberated
Paris from the Germans
 __________________ were mistreated
after the liberation
Liberation of Europe
______________________
 December, 1944
 Last German offensive
 Over 600,000 Americans
fought this month-long battle
Liberation of Europe
Allied forces liberated Western Europe
 Soviet Forces liberated Eastern Europe
 The two sides met in Germany in April,
1945
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VE Day!!
Germany Surrenders - 5/8/45
To be continued: