Transcript Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second

Unit 9: What was it like for children
in the Second World War?
History
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
What was the Second World War? When and where did it take place?
It began in 1939 and ended in 1945.
It was fought between two groups of countries called the Allies
and the Axis. The leading countries on each side were:
The Allies
The U.K.
France
The Soviet Union
The Axis
Germany
Italy
Japan
The U.S.A.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
What was the Second World War? When and where did it take place?
19391945:
Second
World War
1666: The
Great Fire
of London
1850s:
Florence
Nightingale
Unit 6b: Why have people invaded and settled in Britain in the past? An Anglo Saxon Case Study
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
How did the Second World War begin?
The Second World War began in 1939 when Germany invaded
Poland.
Britain and France had an agreement with Poland to help in case
of war, so Britain and France both declared war on Germany.
Other countries joined the war on both sides, and the fighting
took place all over the world, in Europe, Africa and Asia, and in
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Both sides used soldiers, aircraft, boats and submarines.
Many soldiers and civilians were killed, more people than had
ever been killed in a war before.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Who were the leaders of the Allies and the Axis?
Britain
Winston Churchill
America
Franklin D. Roosevelt
U.S.S.R.
Joseph Stalin
Germany
Adolf Hitler
Italy
Benito Mussolini
Japan
Hideki Tojo
(died in 1944)
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
How did the Second World War end?
The war went on for six years, with neither side able to win.
Finally in 1945, the British, American and Russian soldiers
managed to invade Germany and capture Berlin, which was the
capital city.
When Hitler realised that he was going to be captured, he went
to an underground hiding place and shot himself.
After this, Germany surrendered to the Allies. This was known
as V.E. Day, which means ‘Victory in Europe’
Japan continued the war in Asia until 1946 when they too
surrendered after atomic bombs were dropped on Japan by the
American airforce.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
What was the Blitz?
The Blitz is the name given to the
bombing of London and other cities
by the German airforce during the
Second World War.
The name Blitz comes from the
German word ‘Blitzkrieg’ which
means ‘lightning war’.
Many buildings and homes were destroyed or set on fire by the
bombs.
The British airforce also bombed German cities, causing similar
damages to buildings and killing or injuring people who lived
there.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
How did people protect themselves from the bombs?
To keep themselves safe during
the Blitz, many families built
Anderson shelters in their
gardens. When an attack
started, the family could go into
the shelter. They would be safe
from any bombs dropped nearby.
People in London often used the
Tube stations as shelter during
bombing raids. Hundreds of
people would gather in the
stations and often stay there all
night.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
Why were children evacuated?
Because of the bombings, many cities
were very dangerous places to stay.
To protect children, the Government
evacuated them to the countryside.
They were put with families who could
look after them until it was safe to go
back home.
The Government arranged special trains
to take all the children to safe places.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
Look at these posters about evacuation.
What group of people do you think each one is aimed at?
What is the purpose of each of these posters?
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Children were
safer in the country
They were often split up
from their families
What was it like being an evacuee?
Advantages
Disadvantages
There was more good
food available in the
country
Many children got very
homesick
Some children were
made to do chores and
hard work
Many children had never
had a chance to go to
the country before
Some children never
wanted to go home
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
What did people eat during the war?
The war meant that foods which
would normally come to Britain by
ship were in short supply.
Rationing was introduced so that
people could only buy small amounts
of certain foods each week.
Ration books
Ration books were used to keep a
count of how much food you were
allowed to buy.
People were encouraged to grow
extra fruit and vegetables in their
gardens or allotments.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
“Grow your
own food”
poster
History
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Here are some of the foods that were rationed during the war.
Click on the picture to find out the amount of each food that
you could buy each week.
Cheese:
50g
Bacon or ham: 100g
Meat: 1 shilling &
sixpence worth
Butter: 50g
Milk:
1.8 litres
Dried egg:
One packet
a month
Sweets:
350g
a month
Margarine:
100g
Sugar: 225g
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
Jam: 450g
every 2
months
Tea: 50g
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
In what other ways might the war have affected people? Look
at the pictures below. What do they tell us about the effects
of the war on different people’s lives?
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
History
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?
What has been done since to prevent another world war?
The United Nations is an organisation
which was set up after World War II.
Leaders of most of the world’s countries
meet there to discuss ways of solving
their problems without going to war.
The U.N. flag
The United Nations has representatives
which it sends to countries who are at
war to try and help them to settle their
problems peacefully
Do you think the world is now a more
peaceful place than it was in the 1940s?
Inside the U.N.
Unit 9: What was it like for children in the Second World War?