Transcript Document
Hansen World History Name _____________________ Period _________ World War II Axis Victories 1939-1941 Note-Taking Guide • • • Allied Morale • • • • Non-Aggression Pact – Why was this a shock? • Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but they _____________________________________ • Why would the Nazis do it? _____________________________________ • Why would the Soviets do it? __________________________ _____ _____________________________________ – On ______________________, Poland was invaded from the East and the West _______________________. Invasion of Poland – Karma - ____________________________________ – Hitler uses Polish Corridor, Danzig as an excuse to invade • What are they? ____________________________ ______________________________________________ ____________________________ • A 20/20 Look Back to Assess Appeasement – (+) Best Minds ________________ ____________________________ – (+) Britain and France ___________ ____________________________ had not been attacked – (-) Phony War - _____________ ___________________________________ – An early view of what war in the East meant to Hitler • ________________ – Soviets were no better • Katyn _________________________ – Hitler gambled that the French and British would ____________ ____________________________________________________ • He did ______ hope for _______________________ the French and British • • • Hitler Turns West France should be Ok because of the _____________________. Weakness… ____________________________________________________- lightening war – Opposite of ____________________ – Bombers _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ – Tanks _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ France fell in ___________________ – Hitler’s Train Car Symbolism? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________ – Vichy France ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ One Bright Spot for the Allies - __________________________ – A British Army that was stationed in France _______________________ – A fleet of army boats, but also ______________, picks up and saves the _____________army England Stands Alone – ________________________ out and ______________________ in because ________________________________________________ – Well, sort of alone – The U.S., under _________________________________________________ started the _______________________ Program, which basically ______________________________________________ • Britain Must Hold Out Against A German Invasion – – – – Britain Must Hold _________________________________ However, this can only last as long as Britain ________________ The Battle of Britain was a battle for supremacy in the ________________ fought between the German Air Force (_________________) and the British Air Force (___________) Battle of Britain Versus the London Blitz • • – Shouldn’t have because __________________ _____________________________________ “Never have so many owed so much to so few.”, meaning ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ► Hitler Turns East • Operation ____________________ = the invasion of __________ • Hitler is hoping for ______________________________________ – ‘My empire will last for ______________________.’ • Whose biography should Hitler have studied? – Operation Barbarossa started 129 years _______________ after ___________________ invasion of Russia. • Three Pronged Assault: – Prong one, to the ________________ aims at ____________________ – Prong two, to the ________________ aims at ____________________ – Prong three, to the ________________ aims at ____________________ • Hitler’s Commissar Order - ______________________________ _____________________________________________________ • Surprise! – – – • Turns instead to the London Blitz, in which _______________ ___________________________________________________ ‘lucky’ for England. England _______ • • Hitler gave up on the Battle of Britain – • ► The Pacific Theater On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing German forces passed a __________________________________. What does this show? _________________________________________ In the first 24 hours alone, the _______________________ almost entirely destroy and hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken prisoner or killed Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, __________________ the Soviet Union Pearl Harbor – Why did the Japanese do it? _______________________ ___________________________________________ ___ Japanese then won a string of victories in the Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the nearly _______________________ ► From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through winter 1941, the Axis Have Been (almost) Unstoppable • Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has the time and privacy to start his ______________________ – The promised ___________________________ Jews Allied Morale/Success High WWI [Trench Warfare] 1. Treaty of VersaillesGermany is punished 10. Normandy 3. Hitler crushes Poland 2. Germany, Japan, and Italy start breaking the Treaty of Versailles- World Wide Depression 4. Hitler crushes France in less than 3 months 5. London is bombed 6. German General Rommel pushes allies out of all of North Africa except Egypt 9. American victories in the Pacific, vitory in North Africa, Italian campaign, 7. Operation Barbarossa Low 1939 1940 8. Pearl Harbor 1941 1942 8. Russian Winter 1943 1944 1945 Part I. Axis Victories or The Axis Shocks the World 1939-1941 Let’s Review the Axis’ Challenges to the League German Rearmament The Rhineland The Spanish Civil War/Guernica Austria Ethiopia Manchuria The Munich Conference Fall of Czechoslovakia Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Britain and France Drew a Line in the Sand Belief that Hitler’s next target was Poland Britain and France declared that they would fight for Poland… But then… an earth shattering event… Nazi/Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Why was this a shock? Why would the Nazis do it? Avoid two front war… Why would the Soviets do it? Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but they also hated each other. Aim Hitler’s army at the West Gain time to prepare (remember purges???) On Sept. 1st, 1939, Poland was invaded from the East and the West simultaneously. The Invasion of Poland Invasion of Poland Karma – Poland had taken a piece of Czechoslovakia when it was attacked by Germany Hitler used Polish Corridor/Danzig as an excuse to invade What are they? Allied Intervention- France and Britain Declared War A 20/20 Look Back to Assess Appeasement (+) Best minds at the time believed it could be effective (+) Britain and France did declare war when they themselves had not been attacked (-) Phony War – Britain and France didn’t exactly back their attack up – no fighting during the Polish campaign or for the next 6 months An early view of what war in the East meant to Hitler Lebensraum and annihilation Soviets were no better Katyn Forest Massacre Hitler gambled that the French and British would eventually negotiate once Poland had actually fallen He did not hope for a war against the French and British Our strength is our speed and our brutality. Genghis Khan chased millions of women and children to death, consciously and with a happy heart. History sees him only as a great founder of states. It is of no concern, what the weak Western European civilisation is saying about me. I issued the command - and I will have everybody executed, who will only utter a single word of criticism - that it is not the aim of the war to reach particular lines, but to physically annihilate the enemy. Therefore I have mobilised my Skull Squads, for the time being only in the East, with the command to unpityingly and mercilessly send men, women and children of Polish descent and language to death. This is the only way to gain the Lebensraum, which we need. Who is still talking today about the extinction of the Armenians?"[ Hitler Turns West French are OK, though, right? Maginot Line WEAKNESS!!! Ardennes Forest Blitzkrieg “lightning war” Opposite of trench warfare from WWI Bombers create confusion and cut communications Tanks cut through the enemy line and go straight for the population centers Germany Tanks sneak through the Ardennes France falls in … 5 weeks… Think about WWI for a second… One Bright Spot in the Fall of France The Miracle at Dunkirk A British Army that was stationed in France turns and runs like hell A fleet of army boats, but also pleasure boats, picks up and saves the British Army Miracle at Dunkirk England Stands Alone Chamberlain Out/ Churchill In Why??? Well Sort of Alone The U.S., under President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) starts the Lend-Lease Program ‘We’ll give you military supplies until you can give them back later’ This is an oversimplification, but you get the idea…tricky ways found by the U.S. president to aid the British Remember, lots of people in the U.S. still support isolationism End of Day #1 Lecture Britain Must Hold Out Against A German Invasion British Navy Must Hold the English Channel However, this can only last as long as Britain controls the air In WWII war, the airplane is supreme The Battle of Britain was an air battle fought between the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and the British Air Force (the RAF) Battle of Britain v London Blitz •Goal??? •Why Hitler gave up??? •Goal??? In the End, Britain Held “Never have so many owed so much to so few.” Hitler Turns Eastwards Operation Barbarossa Hitler angry! Attack from Germany into Russia Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and resources ‘My empire will last for 1000 years.’ Whose biography should Hitler have studied? Operation Barbarossa started 129 years to the day after Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Hitler's Commissar Order to his Generals Before Operation Barbarossa "The war against Russia cannot be fought in knightly fashion. The struggle is one of ideologies and racial differences and will have to be waged with unprecedented, unmerciful, and unrelenting hardness. All officers will have to get rid of any old fashioned ideas they may have. … Any German soldier who breaks international law will be pardoned. “ The Nazi execution of Soviet civilians kneeling by the side of a mass grave at Kraigonev, USSR, following the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Anyone suspected of being a Communist official, along with Red Army officers and male Jews were chosen for execution. Surprise! •On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing German forces passed a Russian train bringing supplies to Germany. What does this show? •In the first 24 hours alone, the Russian AirForce was almost entirely destroy and hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken prisoner or killed •Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, hundreds of miles into the Soviet Union Pacific Theater Pearl Harbor Why did the Japanese do it? Japanese then won a string of victories in the Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet Pearl Harbor from a satellite From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through winter 1941, the Axis Has Been (almost) Unstoppable Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has the time and privacy to start his promised Final Solution extermination of the Jews